Lecture 18: Female Repro System (Exam 2)

Question 1

What are the six parts of the female repro sys

Answer 1

• Ovaries
• Uterine tube
• Uterus
• Vagina
• Vestibule
• Vulva

Question 2

What are the supporting structures of the repro sys

Answer 2

• Mesovarium (part of the broad lig of the uterus)
• Mesosalpinx (part of the broad lig of the uterus)
• Mesometrium (part of the broad lig of the uterus)
• Suspensor lig (part of the broad lig of the uterus)
• Proper lig (part of the broad lig of the uterus)

Question 3

T/F the mosoavarium does not cover all of the ovary

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are the three layers of the uterus

Answer 4

• Perimetrium (serosal/outer layer)
• Myometrium
• Endometrium

Question 5

Label 1, 2, & 3

Answer 5

Question 6

Which ovary is a tad bit more cranial than the other

Answer 6

Right ovary

Question 7

Where are the ovaries located

Answer 7

• Caudal to the caudal pole of the kidneys @ the level of 5th lumbar vertebrae
• Cranioventral to the iliac wings

Question 8

Where are the parts of the uterus located

Answer 8

• Horns - lie w/in the abdominal cavity; more dorsally
• Body lies partly abdomen & partly pelvic cavity

Question 9

Where is the vagina located

Answer 9

Lies w/in the pelvic cavity ventral to the rectum & dorsally to the urinary bladder

Question 10

Where is the vestibule located

Answer 10

• Ventrally to the rectum & anal canal
• Ventral wall goes beyond the ischial arch

Question 11

Where is the vulva located

Answer 11

• Ventral to the anus
• ventral commissure is ventral to the ischial arch

Question 12

Describe what makes a mares ovary different than other species

Answer 12

• Bigger than other ovaries
• Have a bean shape (b/c there is an ovulation fossa where the follicles open into)

Question 13

What is the black arrowing pointing to

Answer 13

Ovulation fossa (fossa ovarii)

Question 14

Describe the uterine tube

Answer 14

• Connects the ovary to the horn of the uterus
• Has three parts

Question 15

What are the three parts of the uterine tube & Describe them

Answer 15

• Infundibulum - connects to the ovary; has fimbria to move follicles into the uterine tube
• Ampulla - widest part
• Isthmus - longest part; joins the horn of the uterus

Question 16

What is the difference btw/ cattle & equine when talking about the uterine tube & the isthmus

Answer 16

The union between the uterine tube & uterus is abrupt in mare while the horn of the cow is more pointy

Question 17

Label the following cow uterus

Answer 17

Question 18

Label the following uterus

Answer 18

• 1: Horns
• 2: Body
• 3: Cervix
• 6: External cervical ostium
• Circle is the fornix & external ostium

Question 19

Label the following uterus

Answer 19

• 4: Cervical canal
• 5: Internal cervical ostium
• 6: External cervical ostium
• Top arrow: Fornix

Question 20

Describe the horns of the uterus

Answer 20

• Divergent
• Raised dorsally of over the intestine
• Blunt end
• No intercornual lig

Question 21

Describe the body of the uterus

Answer 21

• Large
• Normally obliterated by the intestines & bladder

Question 22

Describe the cervix (neck) of the uterus

Answer 22

• Firm consistency
• Easily palpated transrectally
• Has a cervical canal w/ an external (goes to the vagina) & internal cervical ostium (Goes to the uterine body)
• Projects into the vagina & it is surrounded by an annular space known as the fornix

Question 23

Why is the fornix important

Answer 23

Good landmark for AI

Question 24

Describe the vagina

Answer 24

• Cranial boundary is vaginal projection of the cervix & fornix
• Caudal boundary is the hymenal fold & the external urethral orifice
• Mucosa is ridged lengthwise (longitudinal folds) for lubrication of penetration & birth

Question 25

Describe the vaginal vestibule

Answer 25

* Most internal caudal part of the repro system * Extends from the external urethral orifice to the vulva caudally * Has urinary (urine can touch the vestibule) & repro fxn * Has vestibular glands in the lateral wall * Vestibular bulbs in the lateral walls is erectile tissue (Constrictor vestibular muscle surround the bulbs)

Question 26

What muscle does the constrictor vestibular m come from

Answer 26

The constrictor vulva m that comes directly from the external anal sphincter

Question 27

Label the following

Answer 27

Question 28

What makes the mare vulva different

Answer 28

* The dorsal commissure is pointy * The ventral commissure is rounded

Question 29

Where is the clitoris found in the vulva

Answer 29

* Near the ventral commissure * Lies inside the fossa of the clitoris * Covered by a fold known as the prepuce of the clitoris

Question 30

What is this

Answer 30

Ventral commissures

Question 31

Why is the vulva & clitoris important

Answer 31

* Clitoris becomes prominent during oestrus & w/ "winking" movements of the labia to expose the clitoris * The anus moves when they "wink" * Done through the constrictor m. of the vulva * Can use to see if a mare is prepared to be insementated

Question 32

What is "wind-sucking" in mares

Answer 32

* Very common in racehorses/ thoroughbred * The opening of the vulva is more dorsal & closure is less effective * Air may be drawn into or expelled from the tract w/ each change in the intrabdominal pressure * Not enough fat so the normal part of the vulva is sucked in causing the angle of the vulva to be more pointed * Can lead to bacterial contamination which can result in sterility (if it reaches the endometrium) * Can do the caslick tech to permanently fix (open the dorsal 1/3 of the vulva, take out part of the mucosa out & suture them)

Question 33

Label the following:

Answer 33