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Anatomy 2 > Lecture 2: Myology of the Thoracic Limb (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Myology of the Thoracic Limb (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

How many extrinsic muscles are attached to the scapula & humerus

A

4 to both

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2
Q

What is a difference in equine extrinsic muscles compared to dogs

A
  • The omotransversarius and brachiocephalicus are attached
  • There is only a cervical & thoracic parts of the rhomboideus (there is no cephalic part)
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3
Q

Label the following:

A
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4
Q

Label A:

A
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5
Q

What muscle is this

A
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6
Q

Describe the dorsal scapular ligament & why is it important

A
  • Begins @ the supraspinous ligament & attaches to the middle ofthe surface
  • Helps to keep the limb in place
  • Acts like a sling
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7
Q

Label the following:

A
  • D = the scapula
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8
Q

Label the following:

A
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9
Q

Describe the thoracic sling

A

The extrinsic muscles suspend the trunk btw/ the forelimbs & fix the scapula

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10
Q

Define synsarcosis

A

A joint that bind bony structures to the body just by muscles

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11
Q

What will happen if there is a rupture of the serratus ventralis

A

The shoulder & cartilage will be poking out

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12
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder in equine

A
  • Supraspinatus m
  • Infraspinatus m
  • Deltoideus m
  • Teres minor m
  • Subscapularis
  • Teres major m
  • Coracobrachialis m
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13
Q

What is an extrinsic muscle found in equine that is closely related to the intrinsic muscles

A

The subclavius m

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14
Q

What is the OIA of the supraspinatus

A

O: supraspinous fossa
I: Graters & lesser tubercles of the humerus
A: Extend & stabilize the humeral joint

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15
Q

Tho OIA of the infraspinatus

A

O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Superficial tendon (on the greater tubercle of the humerus; infraspinatus bursa) & deep tendon (on the caudal eminence of greater tubercle)
A: Fixator & abductor of the humeral joint

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16
Q

Label the blue and green arrow

A

Blue = supraspinatus
Green = infraspinatus

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17
Q

What is the difference of the deltoideus in equine compared to canines

A

There is no acromion on the scapula so there is no acromion part of the deltoideus

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18
Q

OIA of the deltoideus

A

O: Caudal border of the scapula & the aponeurosis which covers the infraspinatus
I: Deltoid tuberosity
A: Flexor & abductor of the shoulder

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19
Q

OIA of the subclavius

A

O: Cranial part of the sternum closely associated to the supraspinatus m
I: Supraspinatus muscle epimysium
A: Complements the pectoral muscle

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20
Q

Label the green & blue label

A

Blue: Deltoideus
Green: Subclavius

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21
Q

OIA of the subscapularis

A

O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
A: Stabilize the shoulder & adduction

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22
Q

OIA of Teres major

A

O: Caudal angle of the scapula & adjacent caudal border of the scapula
I: Teres major tuberosity of humerus
A: Mainly flexor of the shoulder

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23
Q

Label the blue & green arrow

A

Blue: subscapularis
Green: Teres major

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24
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the brachium

A
  • Triceps brachii
  • Tensor fasciae antebrachii
  • Anconeus
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Coracobrachialis
25
Which intrinsic muscles of the brachium are more stressed than the others in equine
* Triceps brachii * Bracchialis
26
What muscle is important for gate & stay apparatus in equine
Biceps brachii
26
What is the lacertus fibrosus
* Tendinous insertion of biceps brachii on the entensor carpi radialis * Part of the stay apparatus
26
OIA of biceps brachii
O: Supraglenoid tubercle I: Radial tuberosity (main insertion) & extensor carpi radialis via lacertus fibrosus (a tendon) A: Flexor of the elbow & extensor of the shoulder
27
Where is the intertubercular bursa located
Between the tendon of the origin of the biceps brachii & the intertubercular grooves of the humerus
28
What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis
Proximal to the carpus
29
Label the large blue arrow, small blue arrow, & the green arrow
* Little blue arrow: Interubercular bursa * Big blue arrow: A inner tendon that connects the origin tendon to the insertion tendon * Green arrow: Lacertus fibrosus
30
Label A - C:
31
Label the following:
32
What is the antagonist of the Bicep brachii
Triceps brachii
33
OIA of triceps brachii
O: Caudal border of the scapular (long head), Deltoid tuberosity (lateral head), medial aspect of the humerus (medial head) I: Olecranon tuber A: Extension of the elbow (main action) & flexion of the shoulder
34
Describe the bursai associated w/ the triceps brachii
* Subcutaneous * subtendinous (btw/ the long head of the triceps & olecranon)
35
Label the dark blue arrow, light blue arrow, & the orange arrow
* Dark blue: Long head of triceps brachii * Light blue: Lateral head of triceps brachii * Orange: Medial head of the triceps brachii
36
What are the craniolateral intrinsic muscles of the antebrachium & manus
* Extensor carpi radialis * Common digital extensor * Lateral digital extensor * Extensor carpi ulnaris (ulnaris lateralis)
37
What are the caudomedial intrinsic muscles of the antebrachium & manus
* Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar & humeral heads) * Flexor carpi radialis * Superficial digital flexor * Deep digital flexor
38
What two muscles are not found in equine & why
* The pronator & supinator * B/c the radius & ulna are fused together
39
What do the craniolateral intrinsic muscles of the antebrachium & manus
Extend the carpus & digits
40
What do the caudomedial intrinsic muscles of the antbrachium & manus do
Flex the carpus & digits
41
OINA of common digital extensor
O: Later epicondyle of the humerus I: Extensor process of distal phalanx & dorsal surface of the proximal & middle phalanges N: Radial nerve A: Extend the carpus & digits; flex the elbow joint
42
Label the blue & green arrow
Blue: Extensor carpi radialis Green: Common digital extensor
43
OINA Lateral digital extensor
O: Lateral tuberosity of the radius & the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow I: dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx N: Radial n. A: Extend the carpus & digit
44
OINA of extensor carpi ulnaris (ulnaris lateralis)
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: short tendon (accessory carpal bone) & long tendon (metacarpal bone IV) N: Radial n. A: Flex (major action) & abduct the carpus
45
Label the Green & blue arrow
Green: Extensor carpi ulnaris (ulnaris lateralis) Blue: Lateral digital extensor
46
OINA for flexor carpi ulnaris
O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus (humeral head) & Olecranon (ulnar head) I: Accessory carpal bone N: Ulnar n. A: Flex the carpus & extend the elbow joint
47
OINA for Flexor Carpi Radialis
O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus I: Metacarpal bone II N: Median n. A: Flex the carpus & extend the elbow joint
48
Label the blue and green arrow
* Blue = Ulnar & humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris * Green: Flexor carpi radialis
49
OINA for Superficial digital flexor
O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus & radius (for proximal accessory ligament) I: Flexor surfaces of proximal & middle phalanges N: Ulnar n. A: Flex the digit (proximal interphalangeal joint) & carpus, also extends the elbow joint
50
OINA for Deep Digital Flexor
O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus by the distal accessory ligament (Humeral head), Olecranon (ulnar head), & radius (radial head) I: Flexor surface of the distal phalanx N: Median & ulnar n. A: Flex the digit & carpus, also extends the elbow joint
51
Label the green & red muscles
Green: SDF Red: DDF
52
What is another name for the suspensory ligament
Interosseous tendon of the interosseous m.
53
Describe the Interosseous ligament (suspensory ligament)
* Very little muscle fiber in large animals * Connects bone to bone * Is passive (Doesn't flex joints)
54
What are the 4 anatomical areas of the suspensory ligament
* Proximal * Mid-body * Branches * Extensor branches
55
What is the distal sesamoidean ligaments
A continuation of the suspensory ligament distal to the sesamoids
56
Label the following pic:
* Proximal * Mid-body * Branches * Extensor Branches * Distal sesomoidean ligaments
57
Describe the equine stay apparatus
* Group of muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, & joints * Allows horses to maintain their standing posture for hours without losing energy * Protects underlying structures * Joints "block"/avoid energy losses

Anatomy 2 (50 decks)

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