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Microbiology Exam 2 > Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mode of action for Hydrogen peroxide?

A

Oxidation

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2
Q

What causes tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

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3
Q

What are the two types of non-specific chemical combination?

A

Oxidation and alkylation

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4
Q

Name all three Alkylating agents

A
  1. Formaldehyde
  2. Gluteraldehyde
  3. Ethylene oxide
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5
Q

Formaldehyde is commonly found in what kind of solution?

A

A 37% solution. Combined with 8% tincture, this solution becomes a sterilant

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6
Q

Define carcinogenic

A

Causes cancer

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7
Q

Which alkylating agent is carcinogenic?

A

Formaldehyde

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8
Q

What is formaldehyde used for?

A

Preserving bodies, sterilizing scalpels, and sterilizing vaccines

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9
Q

Glutaraldehyde has what concentration in solution?

A

2%

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10
Q

What is glutaraldehyde commonly used for?

A

Dental equipment, respiratory therapy, and cleaning cow teats
Is sporocidal

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11
Q

Which of the alkylating agents is the least toxic?

A

Glutaraldehyde

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12
Q

Ethylene oxide is found in what form?

A

A sterilant gas

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13
Q

What makes ethylene oxide dangerous?

A

It is carcinogenic and explosive in the correct conditions

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14
Q

What is the mode of action for formaldehyde?

A

Alkylation

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15
Q

What is the mode of action for gluteraldehyde?

A

Alkylation

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16
Q

What is the mode of action for ethylene oxide?

A

Alkylation

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17
Q

What are the two Oxidizing agents?

A
  1. Halogens

2. Hydrogen Peroxide

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18
Q

Why is hydrogen peroxide considered an ideal agent?

A

It is effective at killing things and breaks down into O2 and H2O

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19
Q

At what concentration is Hydrogen peroxide most commonly found?

A

3%

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20
Q

Why does hydrogen peroxide bubble in wounds?

A

The enzyme catalase rapidly breaks it down

21
Q

How does hydrogen peroxide kill anaerobes?

A

It lets of O2, which kills the anaerobe

22
Q

Name an anaerobe easily killed by hydrogen peroxide

23
Q

How do we treat deep infections of streptococcus pyogenes, which becomes a flesh-eating disease when deep?

A

2% solution of hydrogen peroxide after removal of dead tissue

24
Q

At what concentration does hydrogen peroxide become a cold sterilant?

25
What is 10% hydrogen peroxide commonly used for?
Sterilizing heat sensitive surgical implants
26
Name 5 oxidizing halogen agents
1. Iodophors 2. Iodine tincture 3. Chlorine 4. Sodium hypochlorite 5. Halozone
27
What is the mode of action for a Halazone?
Oxidation
28
What is halazone?
A form of bleach that comes in tablet form
29
Halazone is very poor against protozoan cysts, such as giardia and beaver fever. What is added to halazone to make it more effective?
Carbon filters
30
Sodium hypochlorite is found in bleach at what concentration?
5.25%
31
In hospital situations, at what concentration will you find sodium hypochlorite? What is it used for?
10%, used to disinfect IV needles and kidney dialysis
32
Why do bleach solutions with sodium hypochlorite need to be made daily?
Very volatile (evaporation and chemical breakdown)
33
What is the mode of action for sodium hypochlorite?
Oxidation
34
Chlorine is used to treat what?
Water
35
Chlorine is commonly found in what form?
Gas
36
Chlorine's mode of action is what?
Oxidation
37
What is the residual concentration of chlorine in drinkable water?
.5-1 parts per million
38
Iodophors have what mode of action?
Oxidation
39
What are iodophors used for?
Disinfecting skin and IV catheters inhospital settings. Also to test against opthalmia neonatorum
40
What are two solubilizing agents found in iodophors?
Betadine polyvinyl alcohol and povidone polyvinal pyrolidone
41
Why do iodophors need a solubilizing agent?
To keep the iodine in the solution
42
What iis the mode of action for Iodine tincture?
Oxidation
43
What is Iodine tincture used for?
Was an antispectic, but no longer used because it was an irritating chemical that was ineffective when dry
44
What is the chemical makeup of iodine tincture?
Solid crystals in a 1-2% alcohol solution
45
T or F - Halogens are viricidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, amoebicidal, and slowly sporicidal
True
46
When are halogens inactivated?
In the presence of organic matter, or alkaline conditions
47
Why are halogens not commonly used?
Irritating to tissues and not very stable, even when in solution
48
What do oxidizing agents do?
Inactivate functional groups (-SH groups) and form mercaptides (R-S-S-R)

Microbiology Exam 2 (11 decks)

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