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Microbiology Exam 2 > Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mode of action for Hydrogen peroxide?

A

Oxidation

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2
Q

What causes tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

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3
Q

What are the two types of non-specific chemical combination?

A

Oxidation and alkylation

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4
Q

Name all three Alkylating agents

A
  1. Formaldehyde
  2. Gluteraldehyde
  3. Ethylene oxide
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5
Q

Formaldehyde is commonly found in what kind of solution?

A

A 37% solution. Combined with 8% tincture, this solution becomes a sterilant

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6
Q

Define carcinogenic

A

Causes cancer

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7
Q

Which alkylating agent is carcinogenic?

A

Formaldehyde

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8
Q

What is formaldehyde used for?

A

Preserving bodies, sterilizing scalpels, and sterilizing vaccines

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9
Q

Glutaraldehyde has what concentration in solution?

A

2%

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10
Q

What is glutaraldehyde commonly used for?

A

Dental equipment, respiratory therapy, and cleaning cow teats
Is sporocidal

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11
Q

Which of the alkylating agents is the least toxic?

A

Glutaraldehyde

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12
Q

Ethylene oxide is found in what form?

A

A sterilant gas

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13
Q

What makes ethylene oxide dangerous?

A

It is carcinogenic and explosive in the correct conditions

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14
Q

What is the mode of action for formaldehyde?

A

Alkylation

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15
Q

What is the mode of action for gluteraldehyde?

A

Alkylation

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16
Q

What is the mode of action for ethylene oxide?

A

Alkylation

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17
Q

What are the two Oxidizing agents?

A
  1. Halogens

2. Hydrogen Peroxide

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18
Q

Why is hydrogen peroxide considered an ideal agent?

A

It is effective at killing things and breaks down into O2 and H2O

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19
Q

At what concentration is Hydrogen peroxide most commonly found?

A

3%

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20
Q

Why does hydrogen peroxide bubble in wounds?

A

The enzyme catalase rapidly breaks it down

21
Q

How does hydrogen peroxide kill anaerobes?

A

It lets of O2, which kills the anaerobe

22
Q

Name an anaerobe easily killed by hydrogen peroxide

A

Tetanus

23
Q

How do we treat deep infections of streptococcus pyogenes, which becomes a flesh-eating disease when deep?

A

2% solution of hydrogen peroxide after removal of dead tissue

24
Q

At what concentration does hydrogen peroxide become a cold sterilant?

A

10%

25
Q

What is 10% hydrogen peroxide commonly used for?

A

Sterilizing heat sensitive surgical implants

26
Q

Name 5 oxidizing halogen agents

A
  1. Iodophors
  2. Iodine tincture
  3. Chlorine
  4. Sodium hypochlorite
  5. Halozone
27
Q

What is the mode of action for a Halazone?

A

Oxidation

28
Q

What is halazone?

A

A form of bleach that comes in tablet form

29
Q

Halazone is very poor against protozoan cysts, such as giardia and beaver fever. What is added to halazone to make it more effective?

A

Carbon filters

30
Q

Sodium hypochlorite is found in bleach at what concentration?

A

5.25%

31
Q

In hospital situations, at what concentration will you find sodium hypochlorite? What is it used for?

A

10%, used to disinfect IV needles and kidney dialysis

32
Q

Why do bleach solutions with sodium hypochlorite need to be made daily?

A

Very volatile (evaporation and chemical breakdown)

33
Q

What is the mode of action for sodium hypochlorite?

A

Oxidation

34
Q

Chlorine is used to treat what?

A

Water

35
Q

Chlorine is commonly found in what form?

A

Gas

36
Q

Chlorine’s mode of action is what?

A

Oxidation

37
Q

What is the residual concentration of chlorine in drinkable water?

A

.5-1 parts per million

38
Q

Iodophors have what mode of action?

A

Oxidation

39
Q

What are iodophors used for?

A

Disinfecting skin and IV catheters inhospital settings. Also to test against opthalmia neonatorum

40
Q

What are two solubilizing agents found in iodophors?

A

Betadine polyvinyl alcohol and povidone polyvinal pyrolidone

41
Q

Why do iodophors need a solubilizing agent?

A

To keep the iodine in the solution

42
Q

What iis the mode of action for Iodine tincture?

A

Oxidation

43
Q

What is Iodine tincture used for?

A

Was an antispectic, but no longer used because it was an irritating chemical that was ineffective when dry

44
Q

What is the chemical makeup of iodine tincture?

A

Solid crystals in a 1-2% alcohol solution

45
Q

T or F - Halogens are viricidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, amoebicidal, and slowly sporicidal

A

True

46
Q

When are halogens inactivated?

A

In the presence of organic matter, or alkaline conditions

47
Q

Why are halogens not commonly used?

A

Irritating to tissues and not very stable, even when in solution

48
Q

What do oxidizing agents do?

A

Inactivate functional groups (-SH groups) and form mercaptides (R-S-S-R)

Microbiology Exam 2 (11 decks)

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