Lecture 17 Flashcards
Gray matter and White matter in the brain
- gray matter= ______ and cerebral ______; ___% of the brain
- white matter= _______ and ________; ___% of the brain
- cortex; cerebral nuclei; 40%
- inside; corpus callosum; 60%
gray matter= ________ and ________
white mater= bundles of ______
cell bodies and dendrites
axons in the form of tracts
corpus callosum
wide and thick bundle of nerve fibers that connect left and right hemispheres
Meninges:
3 protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Sequence of meninges from cranium to cerebral cortex
- periosteal dura mater
- meningeal dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
__________ is between periosteal dura mater and meningeal dura mater
superior sagittal sinus
_________ is between meningeal dura mater and arachnoid mater
subdural space
_________ is between arachnoid mater and pia mater
subarachnoid space
CSF=
-____________ is the space between the meninges in which it is filled with CSF and all cerebral _______ and _______ are located here
cerebrospinal fluid
- subarachnoid space
- arteries; veins
Ventricles:
interconnected cavities inside the brain (4) filled with the CSF
4 ventricles of the brain
1.
2.
3.
4.
1./2. Lateral ventricle
2. third ventricle
3. fourth ventricle
Choroid plexus
- produces ______ (from blood plasma)
- located in each _______
- CSF
- ventricle
Choroid plexus= spongy mass of _______ ________ on the floor or wall of each ventricle
-from these capillaries the __________ cells filtrate blood to produce ____
blood capillaries
- ependymal; CSF
CSF flows through the brain in the following order
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
- Lateral ventricle
- Foramen of monro (inter ventricular foramen
- third ventricle
- Cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of sylvius)
- Fourth ventricle
Dural (venous) sinuses
collecting pools of blood which drain venous blood circulating from the cranial cavity
-example= superior sagittal sinus
Arachnoid granulations
- cluster of arachnoid ________ invaginated into the dural sinuses through which ______ enters the venous system (to reach superior sagittal sinus)
- membrane; CSF
the BBB
- stands for the ______ _______ _______
- it regulates what substances can get from the ___________ into the brain’s ________ _________ (selectively permeable)
- Blood Brain Barrier
- bloodstream; extracellular fluid
There are places called ________ ______ (CVOs) in the ____ and _____ ventricles where the BBB is ABSENT, and the blood has direct access to brain neurons
circumventricular organs; 3rd and 4th ventricles
Three cellular components of the BBB
- Endothelial cells (lines interior surface of blood vessel)
- Pericyte (perivascular cells that wrap around blood capillaries
- Astrocyte (their end-feet)
Fenestrated=
- Blood-CSF Barrier endothelial cells are _______
- BBB endothelial cells are ______________
large pores
- fenestrated
- NON-fenestrated
The Blood-CSF Barrier is found in the ________ ______
- _______ and _______ cells form the blood-CSF-barrier
- ________ _______ between the ependymal cells in order to seal gaps in between adjacent cells to prevent the ______ movement of substances
Choroid plexus
-ependymal; endothelial
- tight junctions; free
The Brainstem includes..
function:
- the midbrain
- pons
- medulla oblongata
regulating basic life-sustaining functions
Structures of the midbrain:
-_________ __________ is formed by 4 colliculi (___ superior and ___ inferior)
- located on the tectum on the _______ side of the midbrain
- corpora quadrigemina; 2 and 2
- dorsal
Reflexes that the corpora quadrigemina are involved in:
- 2 superior colliculi=
- 2 inferior colliculi=
- visual reflex center
- auditory reflex center
