Lecture 22 Flashcards
-Thermoreceptors detect=______________
-Photoreceptors detect=________
-Chemoreceptors detect=___________
-Nociceptors detect=____________
- heat and cold
- light
- chemicals (odors, tastes)
- tissue injury/damage (pain)
______________ detect physical deformation of (plasma mb) cell or tissue by
- tactile receptors
- proprioceptors
- baroreceptors
mechanoreceptors
Types of mechanoreceptors
-tactile receptors detect=______________
-proprioceptors detect= ________________
-baroreceptors detect= ____________
- vibration/touch/pressure
- stretch
- tension/pressure changes in walls of blood vessels, digestive organs, bladder, lungs
___________________: a type of mechanoreceptor that senses the position and movements of the body or its parts
- they occur in muscles, tenons, and joint capsules
2 examples are: ____________ and _____________-
proprioceptors
1. muscle spindles
2. Golgi tendon organs
Five “special” senses
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
- They are special in being confined to the _______ and having specialized structures for detection
- Smell
- Taste
- Balance
- Hearing
- Vision
- head
General Senses aka
- ______________ or ______________
somatosensory senses
somesthetic senses
Sensory receptors for…
- General senses are found in ___________________________
- Special senses are found in _____________________________
- receptive endings of sensory neurons (first order neurons)
- specialized receptor cells (NOT NEURONS)
Only the receptor cells for ______ can generate an action potential. The other special senses use ________ _______= local potential
smell; receptor potentials
Types of general sensory receptors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
- Free nerve endings
- Tactile corpuscle (Meissner’s)
- End bulb (Krause)
- Hair receptor
- Bulbous corpuscle (Ruffini)
- Lamellar corpuscle (Pacinian)
- Tactile disc (Merkel disc)
Free nerve endings senses
- pain (_____________)
- _______
- _______
nociceptors
heat
cold
- Tactile disc senses=
- Tactile corpuscle (Meissener’s) senses=
- steady pressure and texture
- flutter and stroking movements (dynamic touch)
Types of stimuli associated with…
- Lamellar corpuscle= _______
- Bulbous corpuscle= ________
- Hair receptor= __________
- End bulb= __________
- vibration
- heavy continuous touch/pressure; stretch of skin
- light tough (sense hair movement)
- unknown; maybe temperature and touch?
Three categories of pain
1.
2.
3.
- Nociceptive
- Neuropathic
- Nociplastic
Nociceptive pain arises from actual or threatened damage to __________ ________ and is due to the activation of _______________
Classifications:
- __________ pain
- __________ pain
-_______: bones, joints, muscles
-_______: skin
non-neural tissue; nociceptors
- visceral
- somatic
-deep
-superficial
Why type of pain is…
- mucosal injury (ex:_________)
- obstruction or capsular distension (ex: _____________)
_____________________
- peptic ulcer
- kidney stones
- nociceptive pain (visceral pain)
What type of pain does osteoarthritis produce and why?
nociceptive somatic deep pain since they activate nociceptors
Neuropathic pain is caused by a _________ or _______ of the somatosensory ________________
Four examples that cause this pain
1.
2.
3.
4.
lesion; damage; nervous System
1. Peripheral neuropathy (damage to peripheral nerves)
2. Stroke
3. Multiple sclerosis: immune system attacks mylein shealth in brain and spinal cord
4. Spinal cord injury
Nociplastic pain, you ________ observe tissue damage or a clear lesion of the NS
Two examples that cause this pain
1.
2.
- Fibromyalgia
- Irritable bowel syndrome
Seven exogenous molecules that produce pain in the PNS & CNS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
- Histamine
- Bradykinin
- Serotonin
- Prostaglandin
- protons
- substance P
- CGRP
“Axon reflex”: ____________ & __________ are released by nociceptors at the site of a tissue injury leading to ______________ and release of __________, ____________, and ____________ (serotonin)
substance P & calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP); vasodilatation; bradykinin; histamine; 5-HT
_____________ and ____________ are released in the spinal cord by the first order neuron in order to contribute to transmission of pain signals
substance P; glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitters)
Some descending analgesic fibers synapse on spinal interneurons, which secrete __________ (opiate family) that inhibit the 2nd order pain neuron
enkephalins
__________: taste organs that contain gustatory receptor cells (taste cells) located within tongue papillae
-of the types of tongue papillae _________ and ________ contains taste buds
taste buds
- fungiform; vallate
Types of cells found in a taste bud includes
- ___________
- ___________
-____________
- supporting cells
- basal cells
- gustatory receptor cells (NOT NEURONS)
