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Virology > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Papillomaviridae

A

Small double stranded, circular DNA

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2
Q

How many genomes do Papillomaviridae have

A

8000 base pairs

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3
Q

What do Papillomaviridae cause

A

Papillomas

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4
Q

Are Papillomaviridae stable

A

Yes, they have a low mutation rate

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5
Q

How do Papillomavirus infections occur

A

Micro-injury to stratified squamous epithelium allows the virus access to cel receptors in the basement membrane

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6
Q

Where do Papillomaviruses bind

A

After binding a capsid conformational change allows the virus to bind to basal keratinocytes

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7
Q

How does Papillomaviridae alter cells (3)

A
  1. Inhibiting apoptosis
  2. Inhibiting immune signalling
  3. Increasing cellular proliferation
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8
Q

How is Papillomaviridae shed from the body

A

Through cellular desquamation

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9
Q

What are the types of papillomas (5)

A
  1. Cutaneous/mucosal tropism
  2. Site predilections
  3. Focal and multifocal
  4. Raised, hyper plastic
  5. In-apparent to large masses
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10
Q

What are the types of neoplasia (3)

A
  1. Carcinoma in-situ
  2. Invasive carcinoma
  3. Sarcoids
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11
Q

Is treatment of Papillomavirus essential

A

No it is unnecessary

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12
Q

How to prevent the spread of Papillomaviruses

A

Disinfection with formaldehyde of stalls, fence posts and other environmental virus reservoirs

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13
Q

What are bovine papillomavirus

A

Muscutaneous papillomas that develop on the haired skin, tongue, teats, penis and vulva and upper alimentary papillomas that develop in the oral cavity, oesophagus and rumen

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14
Q

Where can equine papillomavirus develop

A

Anywhere on the animal’s body

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15
Q

What are equine sarcoids

A

Persistent and progressive skin lumps that occur mainly around the head, in the axilla and the groin area, as well as developing wounds

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16
Q

What are equine sarcoids caused by

A

An infection from bovine papillomaviruses

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17
Q

What are the 6 types of sarcoids

A
  1. Occult
  2. Verrucose
  3. Nodular
  4. Fibroblastic
  5. Mixed
  6. Malevolent
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18
Q

What are occult sarcoids

A

Flat, grey and persistent, often circular or roughly circular

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19
Q

What are verrucose sarcoids

A

Grey, scabby or warty in appearance and may contain small, split nodules; possible surface ulcerations; well-defined or cover large, ill defined areas

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20
Q

What are nodular sarcoids

A

Multiple, discrete, solid nodules of variable size; may ulcerate and bleed

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21
Q

What are fibroblastic sarcoids

A

Fleshy masses, either with a thin pedicle or a wide, flat base that commonly bleed easily; may have wet, hemorrhagic surface

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22
Q

What are mixed sarcoids

A

Variable mixtures of two or more types

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23
Q

What are malevolent sarcoids

A

An extremely rare, aggressive tumour that spreads extensively through the skin; cords of the tumour tissue intersperses with nodules and ulcerating fibroblastic lesions

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24
Q

What are sarcoid treatment

A

Surgical excision is commonly acknowledged to have a high rate of recurrence. Cryotherapy and laser-assisted excision have variable success

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25
What is canine parvovirus
A highly contagious cause of acute, infectious gastrointestinal illness in young dogs
26
What is canine parvovirus characterised by
Sudden onset of bloody diarrhoea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, depression, lymphopaenia and dehydration
27
How is infection of canine parvovirus acquired
Through direct oronasal contact with virus-containing feces or indirectly through contact with contaminated fomites
28
What can canine parvovirus cause
Myocarditis, presenting as acute cardiopulmonary failure or delayed, progressive cardiac failure, can be seen with or without signs of enteritis
29
What is canine parvovirus 2 very similar to
Feline parvovirus
30
How to treat canine parvovirus
Restoration of fluid, electrolyte and metabolic abnormalities and prevention of secondary bacterial infection
31
What vaccination is recommended by the Australian Veterinary Association as a core vaccine
CPV-2
32
How is canine parvovirus shed
Most clinically ill dogs shed large quantities of virus in the faeces
33
How to diagnose CPV-2 (2)
1. ELSIA and immunochromatography test for detection of antigens in faeces 2. Real-time PCR
34
What is affected most securely with feline parvovirus
kittens
35
How are cats infected with feline parvovirus
Oronasal exposure to infected animals, faeces, secretions or contaminated fomites
36
How is the pathogenesis of feline parvovirus
Infects and destroys actively diving cells in bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, intestinal epithelium and in young animals the cerebellum and retina
37
How can feline panleukopaenia spread
Transplacentally to cause embryonic reabsorption, fatal mummification, abortion or stillbirth
38
What are the clinical signs of feline panleukopaenia (4)
1. Subclinical in adults 2. Can die suddenly with no warning 3. Vomiting 4. Diarrhoea
39
Prevention of feline panleukopaenia
1. Vaccination
40
Diagnosis of feline panleukopaenia
1. Viral antigen and DNA can be detected in faecal contents | 2. Need to consider CPV-2 infection
41
How is porcine parvovirus spread
Shed in faeces and infection is by oral route
42
Who is at risk of porcine parvovirus
Pregnant gilts
43
Major and only clinical response for porcine parvovirus
Materna reproductive failure
44
Can porcine parvovirus cross the placenta
Yes
45
What is the only way to ensure the gilts develop immunity to porcine parvovirus before conceptus
Vaccination
46
What are Cricoviridae
Small circular ssDNA viruses
47
What viruses does porcine circovirus disease have
1. PCV2-systemic disease 2. PCV2-subclinical infection 3. PCV2-reproductive failure
48
What is post weaning mutisystemic wasting syndrome
Affected pigs showed primary poor growth rate, ill thrift, and/or wasting and they were histopathologically characterised by systemic inflammatory lesions
49
What are the clinical signs of post weaning mutisystemic wasting syndrome
Coughing, breathing difficulties, diarrhoea, poor blood circulation, rapid weight loss, skin discolouration, death
50
Where does porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome occur
All types of pig production systems with different heath status and management practice
51
What is the major cause of death with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome occur
Renal failure
52
What does porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome occur resemble
Swine fever and African Swine Fever
53
How is porcine circovirus disease transmitted
Direct contact with infected pigs
54
What does beak and father disease produce
Immunodeficiency
55
How does beak and father disease work
Attacks the father follicles and the beak and claw matrices of the bird, causing progressive feather, claw and beak malformation and necrosis
56
What is the appearance of Aneloviridae
Small circular, negative-sense, ssDNA
57
What animal does Torque tent sub virus infect
Pigs
58
How is Torque tent sub virus transmitted
Fecal-oral route
59
How is chicken anaemia virus transmitted
Fecal-oral route
60
What are the clinical signs of chicken anaemia virus (4)
1. Anaemia 2. Generalised lymphoid atrophy 3. Sub-cutaneous intramuscular haemorrhages 4. Severe immunosuppression
61
What does chicken anaemia virus increase the virulence of
Bursal and Marek's disease

Virology (23 decks)

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