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Virology > Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the only diploid virus

A

Retroviruses

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2
Q

What is the problem with retroviruses

A

Mutate

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3
Q

How to retroviruses mutate

A

DNA copy of the genome is inserted into the DNA of the host cell that in invades, thus changing the genome of the cell

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4
Q

How do retroviruses cause persistent infections

A

The vision binds to the receptors on the cell surface via its envelope glycoproteins ‘spikes’. The viral reverse transcriptase uses the viral RNA genome as a template to make a DNA copy of the virus, a provirus. This provirus can become integrated into the DNA of the infected host cell

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5
Q

How are exogenous retrovirus transmitted

A

Horizontally

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6
Q

How are endogenous retrovirus transmitted

A

Are inherited vertically in the genomes of their host

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7
Q

How to retroviruses replicate

A

Must integrate a copy of it’s genome into the host’s genome as a provirus. If this occurs in a host germ cell, the provirus may be inherited by the host’s progeny and down the generations as an ERV

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8
Q

How did HIV first get into human blood

A

Practice of hunting and slaughtering bush meat

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9
Q

What is HIV-I closely related to

A

Simian immunodeficiency virus from chimps

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10
Q

What is HIV-2 closely related to

A

SIV from sooty mangabeys

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11
Q

What does feline immunodeficiency virus decrease

A

The function of the immune system of domestic and wild cats

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12
Q

What do cats with feline immunodeficiency virus has a higher chance of getting

A

Blood cancer

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13
Q

How is feline immunodeficiency virus spread

A

From cat to cat through saliva, primarily biting

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14
Q

How many clades of feline immunodeficiency virus are recognised

A

A-F and U (New Zealand)

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15
Q

Can you treat feline immunodeficiency virus

A

No

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16
Q

Preventing the spread of feline immunodeficiency virus

A

Spay or neuter

Keep indoors

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17
Q

How do diagnose feline immunodeficiency virus (3)

A
  1. Detection of provirus DNA by PCR
  2. Detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR
  3. Detection of antibody by ELSIA or immunochromatography
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18
Q

What is the single biggest cause of clinical signs of feline leukaemia virus

A

Immunosupression

19
Q

Once the cat is infected with feline leukaemia virus A what can happen

A

Virus mutates

20
Q

What does FeLV-B increase

A

Frequency of neoplastic diseases

21
Q

What is FeLV-C strongly associated with

A

Development of erythroid hypoplasia and consequent severe anaemia

22
Q

What does FeLV-T have propensity to infect and destroy

A

T lymphocytes, leading to lymphoid depletion and immunodeficiency

23
Q

How is feline leukaemia virus transmitted

A

Oronasal contact with infectious saliva or urine

24
Q

Where does feline leukaemia virus replicate

A

Oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue

25
Q

Does feline leukaemia virus have treatment

A

No

26
Q

How to prevent feline leukaemia virus

A

Unstable in environment and is susceptible to all common detergents and disinfectants

27
Q

Is feline foamy virus pathogenic

A

No

28
Q

How is equine infectious anaemia virus transmitted

A

Blood by blood-feeding tabanid flies between horses in close proximity

29
Q

What are the clinical signs of infectious anaemia virus

A
  1. Fever, depression and thrombocytopenia

2. Anemia, petechiation of mucous membranes, dependent oedema, muscle weakness and loss of condition

30
Q

What is the pathology of infectious anaemia virus

A

Gross lesions frequently seen in acute cases.

Enlargement of the spleen, liver and abdominal lymphnodes; dependent oedema and mucosal haemorrhages

31
Q

How to clinically diagnose infectious anaemia virus

A

Demonstration of antibodies to the virus in blood

32
Q

What does small ruminant lentivirus infect

A

Sheep of goats with these viruses cause slow, progressive, inflammatory pathology in many tissues

33
Q

Where are the most common clinical signs in pathology of small ruminant lentivirus

A

Lung, mammary gland, CNS and joints

34
Q

How is small ruminant lentivirus transmitted

A

To young through milk or colostrum

35
Q

What does Maedi-Visna cause

A

Dyspnea and wasting

Causes ill-thrift, chronic respiratory disease and indurative mastitis

36
Q

What is the pathology of Maedi-Visna

A

Sheep with maedi
- Lungs enlarged, abnormally firm and heavy and fail to collapse when thoracic cavity is opened
- Typically emphysematous and mottled or uniformly discoloured
In sheep with Visna
- May be focal, asymmetric, brownish point areas in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord

37
Q

Describe caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus polyarthritis

A

Chronic, painful poly arthritis, accompanied by synovitis and bursitis is the main syndrome in adult goats infected

38
Q

Describe caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus encephalomyelitis

A

Seen in kids (2-4 months), exhibits weakness, ataxia and hindlimb placing deficits. Over time causes paralysis

39
Q

What are the clinical signs of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus

A

Tumors become sufficiently large or numerous enough to interfere with respiration

40
Q

Where does Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus replicate

A

Lung tumor cells, released into airways and is found in respiratory secretions

41
Q

What is persistent lymphocytosis of bovine leukaemia virus considered

A

Benign condition associated with BVL infection

42
Q

What are the clinical sings of lymphosarcoma in bovine leukaemia virus

A

Juvenile: sudden onset of diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia with to without visceral organ involvement

43
Q

What type of disease does Jembrana disease virus cause

A

Acute disease

Virology (23 decks)

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