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Virology > Lecture 21 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Why does Coronavirus have high level of mutations

A

Recombination and mutation

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2
Q

What does Canine coronavirus cause

A

Mild gastro-intestinal signs

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3
Q

What is the difference between Canine coronavirus I and Canine coronavirus II

A

CCoV-I viruses are thought to co-circulate extensively with CCoV-II viruses often occurring as co-coinfections - natural selection of novel recombinant viruses is not common

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4
Q

How is Canine coronavirus transmitted

A

Fecal-oral route

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5
Q

Where does Canine coronavirus replicate

A

Epithelial cells of the intestines

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6
Q

Canine coronavirus: what do changes in the small intestine morphologically translate into

A

A loss of normal digestive and absorptive functions an the clinical signs of diarrhoea and dehydration in affected dogs

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7
Q

Why is there an increase in disease severity in pigs and the emergence of novel Canine coronavirus

A

Can be attributed to the high level of recombination within the spike gene that can occur during infection by more than one Canine coronavirus type in the same host

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8
Q

How is Canine coronavirus treated

A

Supportive care, including good maintenance of fluid and electrolytes

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9
Q

How is Canine coronavirus prevented

A

Inactive and modified-live virus vaccines

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10
Q

What does feline enteric cornoavirus infect

A

Domestic cats

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11
Q

When does shedding of feline enteric cornoavirus occur

A

1 week of initial infection

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12
Q

How do cats become infected with feline enteric cornoavirus

A

Inhalation of virus-containing faeces or through contact with contaminated fomites

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of feline enteric cornoavirus

A

Diarrhoea, vomiting

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14
Q

What did feline infectious peritonitis arise from

A

Internal mutation from feline enteric cornoavirus

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15
Q

What are the clinical signs of feline infectious peritonitis

A

Abdominal distension with ascites, dyspnoea with pleural effusion, jaundice, discernible masses on the kidneys and/or mesenteric lymph nodes and eye inflammation
Neurological signs due to brain and/or spinal cord involvement

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16
Q

Where is feline infectious peritonitis commonly found

A

In faeces from diarrhoea and healthy shelter cats

17
Q

What does porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus cause

A

Vomiting and profuse diarrhoea in pigs of all ages

18
Q

What did porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus originate rom

A

Serotype II caine coronavirus

19
Q

What does porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus do

A

Infects and destroys villous epithelial cells of the jejunum and ileum, which results in severe villous atrophy, malabsorption, osmotic diarrhoea and dehydration

20
Q

What is the initial sign of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus

A

Vomiting, followed by profuse watery diarrhoea, dehydration and excessive thirst

21
Q

What did porcine respiratory coronavirus evolve from

A

TGEV through genetic deletion in the spike gene of the virus

22
Q

How is porcine respiratory coronavirus spread

A

Via aerosol and direct contact between pigs

23
Q

What does the spread of porcine respiratory coronavirus protect against

A

TGEV

24
Q

What does swine enteric alphacoronavirus and swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus have outbreaks of

A

Severe watery diarrhoea of sucking piglets

25
Q

Clinical signs of porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus

A

Vomiting, constipation and anorexia

26
Q

Where does replication of porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis occur

A

Respiratory tract, and it can further spread to CNS through peripheral nervous system

27
Q

What is bovine coronavirus associated with

A

Gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in cattle including diarrhoea in neonatal calves, winter dysentery and respiratory tract illness

28
Q

When do cows show signs of bovine coronavirus

A

5-30 days of lifer

29
Q

What does bovine coronavirus cause

A

profuse watery diarrhoea, and faeces can contain blood clots

30
Q

Where is equine coronavirus identified

A

Faeces of normal foals and those with intestinal disease

31
Q

What is infectious bronchitis virus

A

Infectious bronchitis is an acute, highly contagious disease of major economics importance in commercial chicken flocks throughout the world

32
Q

Clinical signs of bovine coronavirus

A
  • Chicks may cough, sneeze and have tracheal rales

- Feed consumption and weight gain reduced

33
Q

How is bovine coronavirus transmission

A

Virus spreads horizontally by aerosol or ingestion of faeces or contaminated feed or water
Virus is highly infections

34
Q

How to treat bovine coronavirus

A

Vaccination

Virology (23 decks)

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