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Virology > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What sort of virus are Orbiviruses

A

non-enveloped viruses

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2
Q

What is the structure of Orbiviruses (2)

A
  1. Triple capsid

2. 10 segmented dsRNA

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3
Q

What transmits Orbiviruses

A

Intectes predominantly biting midges

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4
Q

List some Orbiviruses (5)

A
  1. African horse sickness virus
  2. Blue tongue virus
  3. Epizootic haemorrhage disease virus
  4. Equine encephaosis virus
  5. Palyam virus
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5
Q

What opportunity is created with segmented genome

A

Mutations

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6
Q

What is blue tongue and AHSV transmitted by

A

Culicoides midges

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7
Q

How many serotypes of AHSV are there

A

9

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8
Q

How many serotypes of BTV are there

A

27

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9
Q

What are the hosts of AHSV

A

horses, donkeys, zebras and mules

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10
Q

What is the heart form of AHSV signs

A
  • fever followed by swelling of head and eyes
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11
Q

What is the heart form of AHSV terminal

A

bleeding in membrane of mouth and eyes

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12
Q

What is the lung/pulmonary form from of AHSV signs

A

Difficulty in breathing

Frothy discharge may pour from nose

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13
Q

What is the mixed form of AHSV signs

A

Symptoms from both the heart and lung forms

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14
Q

What are the three forms of ASHV

A
  1. Heart form
  2. Lung/pulmonary form
  3. Mixed form
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15
Q

How to control AHSV (4)

A
  1. Vaccine
  2. Control the vector
  3. Movement of animals
  4. Good management
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16
Q

Where is Equine encephalitis virus prevalent

A

SA, Kenya and Botswana

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17
Q

What has a higher transmission rate, AHSV or EEV

A

EEV

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18
Q

How was BTV brought into Australia

A

windburn dispersal fron indonesia

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19
Q

How many segments does BTV involve

A

10

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20
Q

Clinical signs in a sheep of BTV (2)

A
  1. Fever, excessive salivation, swelling of the face and tongue and cyanosis of the blue tongue
  2. Hyperaemia of muzzle nose and coronet
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21
Q

Clinical signs in a cow of BTV

A
  1. Conjunctivitis, rhinitis with nasal exudate and ulceration of the nares
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22
Q

Clinical presentation of BTV varies between different host species and individuals based on (3)

A
  1. Host, vector, environmental factors
  2. Virulence of the infecting strain
  3. Expression of inflammatory and vasoactive mediators by host endothelial cells and other cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells
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23
Q

Where does BTV replicate

A

Draining lymph node before being disseminated by the blood and lymph to sites of secondary replication throughout the body

24
Q

Where does virus replication principally occur with BTV

A

Lungs and spleen

25
In BTV, what does the cell membrane invaginate
Erythrocytes and platelets during viraemia
26
Characteristic clinical signs of BT (2)
1. Damage which is caused by the virus to endothelial cells in the walls of blood vessels 2. leads to vascular thrombosis, tissue infraction/necrosis, vascular leakage, oedema and haemorrhage
27
What can foetal infection with BTV result in (5)
1. Abortion 2. Growth retardation 3. Teratogenesos 4. Birth of viraemic offspring 5. No obvious abnormality
28
What are the side effects of animals that recover from BTV
Muscle degeneration that manifests as weakness, prostration and torticollis, slipper formation of the hooves, a characteristic break in the wool in sheep and a transient decrease in fertility of breeding
29
How to control BTV (3)
1. Vaccination 2. Illegal movement of animals 3. Vector control
30
How many stereotypes of epizootic haemorrhage disease are there
7
31
What is EHDV similar to
BTV
32
How many RNA segments does Rotavirus have
11
33
What does rotavirus cause in young mammals
Diarrhoea
34
The 7 stereotypes and what the effect
1. Group A: humans 2. Group B: Humans and animals 3. Group C: humans and animals 4. Group D-F: animals
35
How can you get infected with Rotavirus
Fecal-oral route
36
What makes rotavirus resistant to acidic pH
tripple protein coat
37
What does Rotavirus produce
Virus-encoded enterotoxin which leads to gastroenteritis and severe diarrhoea
38
What can Rotavirus destroy
mature enterocytes
39
What is NSP4
Non-structural protein
40
In an infected cell what is NSP4 associated with
Assembly of the vision
41
What can secreted NSP4 attach to
Receptors on healthy enterocytes
42
(Rotavirus) From the infected cell where do water and electrolytes leak
Into the lumen of the intestine
43
How many segments is Avian orthoreovirus
10
44
What does Avian orthoreovirus infect
Birds
45
How can Avian orthoreovirus infect birds
1. Transovarial transmission 2. Fecal-oral route 3. The respiratory tract 4. Infection may also enter through the exposure of broken skin of the feet or legs of chickens
46
What is the most commonly observed problem with Avian orthoreovirus
infection of tendons with resultant rupture of the tendons and haemorrhage
47
How many segments are there with infectious bursa disease (Gumboro)
two segments of dsRNA
48
Where does infectious bursa disease (Gumboro) replicate
Immature B cels
49
What does replication in immature B cells cause in infectious bursa disease (Gumboro)
Massive necrosis of the bursa
50
What is the result of infectious bursa disease (Gumboro)
Immunosuppression
51
What is ELSIA used to monitor
Antibody titres in samples from breeders and broilers
52
How can the gnome of infectious bursa disease (Gumboro) be detected
By real-time PCR with different probes being used to differentiate the hyper virulent strains
53
How to control infectious bursa disease (Gumboro)
1. Vaccination 2. Good management - biosecurity 3. When hyper virulent strains are present broilers are vaccinated once maternal antibody has been metabolised
54
How many BTV are there in Australia
10
55
How was AHSV transported to Spain
From a zebra from Namibia
56
What does MLV stand for
Modified live vaccine
57
What can avian orthroreovirus cause
1. Reovirus tenosynosis 2. Stunting and runting 3. Helicopter syndrome

Virology (23 decks)

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