Lecture 20

Question 1

What shape are Rhabidoviridae

Answer 1

Bullet-shaped or cone shaped

Question 2

What sort of pathogen are Lyssaviruses

Answer 2

Neurotropic pathogens

Question 3

Rabies virus; what is a maintenance host

Answer 3

The species sustained the virus life cycle. Successful control or rabies in the maintenance host will lead to eradication of the virus cycle in the ecology community

Question 4

Rabies virus: what is a spill over host

Answer 4

Infected hosts that being to species that do not normally maintain the virus biotype. These hosts have no epidemiological significance in sustaining rabies epidemics. Spill over hosts are usually dead-end hosts. They may transmit infection to other hosts

Question 5

What are the clinical features of rabies

Answer 5

Acute encephalitis in all warm-blooded host and the outcomes is almost always fatal.
First symptoms: non specific, lethargy, fever, vomiting and anorexia
Signs progress within a few days to cerebral dysfunction, cranial nerve dysfunction, ataxia, weakness, paralysis, seizures, difficulty breathing, swallowing, excessive salivation, abnormal behaviour, aggression, and/or self mutilation

Question 6

How to control rabies

Answer 6

Vaccination

Question 7

How do diagnose rabies

Answer 7

Gold standard: direct fluorescent antibody technique
RT-PCR
Virus isolation

Question 8

What are the clinical signs of Australian Bat Lyssavirus

Answer 8

• Overt agression
• Paresis and paralysis
• Seizures, tremors and weakness
• Respiratory difficulties

Question 9

What does Bovine ephemeral fever virus affect

Answer 9

Cattle and water buffalo

Question 10

Where was Bovine ephemeral fever virus an endemic

Answer 10

Northern Australia

Question 11

Where was Bovine ephemeral fever virus an epidemic

Answer 11

Subtropical and temperate areas

Question 12

What is the first recognised stage of Bovine ephemeral fever virus

Answer 12

Acute febrile stage appears suddenly and is especially noticeable in dairy cattle

Question 13

What is the second recognised stage of Bovine ephemeral fever virus

Answer 13

Muscular stiffness and lameness in 1 or more limb

Question 14

What is the third recognised stage of Bovine ephemeral fever virus

Answer 14

During recovery, most affected animals resume eating and drinking . Animas may go down with heavy animals in good condition being most affected. Some animals remain down due to muscle damage or damage to spinal cord

Question 15

What can you expect to see on a post mortem of an animal with Bovine ephemeral fever virus

Answer 15

Small amount of fibrin-rich fluid in the neural, peritoneal and pericardial cavities
Oedema, lobular congestion or collapse may be apparent in the lungs, and emphysematous lesions
Polyarthritis and focal necrosis of skeletal muscles

Question 16

How is Bovine ephemeral fever virus diagnosed

Answer 16

Presences of lameness, muscular stiffness, pain, short fever and rapid spread of disease through herds
PCR test
2 blood samples : first stages and 14 days later

Question 17

Where is vesticular stomatitis seen

Answer 17

Domesticated cattle, horses, swine

Question 18

What is the incubation period of vesticular stomatitis

Answer 18

2-7 days

Question 19

What are the clinical signs of vesticular stomatitis

Answer 19

First manifestation of disease is usually excessive salivation
Blanched raised or broken vesicles of various sizes in the mouth

Question 20

What is the recovery time with vesticular stomatitis

Answer 20

few days to 2 weeks

Question 21

How does vesticular stomatitis spread

Answer 21

1. Direct contact
2. Fomites
3. Vectors

Question 22

How to diagnose vesticular stomatitis

Answer 22

Laboratory diagnosis 
Vesicle fluid, epithelium covering un-ruptured vesicles, epithelial flaps of freshly ruptured vesicles, or swabs of the ruptured vesicle; from mouth, feet and other sites of vesicle development 
- Indirect sandwich ELSIA
- PCR
- Viral isolation

Question 23

What is the zoonosis of vesticular stomatitis

Answer 23

Self-Limiting influenza-like disease lasting 3-5 days in people working in close contact with the virus

Question 24

What is pike fry rhabdovirus

Answer 24

Acute haemorrhage infection causing hydrocephalus, red disease and high mortality

Question 25

What is spring viremia of carp virus

Answer 25

Infectious dropsy and hemorrhagic swimbladder

Inflammation of common carp

Question 26

What is infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus

Answer 26

In salmonids fish such as trout and salmon

Question 27

What is viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus

Answer 27

Infects over 50 species of fresh water and marine fish in several parts of the northern hemisphere

Question 28

Which animal is Borna disease seen in

Answer 28

Sheep and horses

Question 29

How is born disease described

Answer 29

As a chronic, progressive meningoencephalitis, causing both neurological and behavioural symptoms

Question 30

What do the clinical signs of Borna disease begin with

Answer 30

Depression and anorexia followed by overt disease, characterised by somnolence, ataxia, dysphagia and multiple neuronal deficits

Question 31

What is Avian bornavirus

Answer 31

Procentricular dilation disease is a common infectious neurological disease of birds comprising a dilatation of proventriculuc by ingested food as a surely of defects in intestinal mortality