Lecture 17 - Energy

Question 1

What two major things do muscles need to contract?

Answer 1

• neural drive

- energy (ATP)

Question 2

What are the 5 ways energy can be transformed into?

Answer 2

• Solar
• thermal
• chemical
• electrical
• mechanical

Question 3

How much of the body is potential energy reserve?

Answer 3

50%

Question 4

What is free energy?

Answer 4

• energy that drives photosynthesis in plants

Question 5

What is bound chemical energy?

Answer 5

energy that is stored as carbohydrates or fat

Question 6

What type of energy is stored in high energy phosphates?

Answer 6

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 7

Why is ATP considered the “universal energy donor”?

Answer 7

it couples the energy released from breakdown of food into a usable form of energy required by all cells

Question 8

What do all chemical reactions in the body require? What are these reactions called?

Answer 8

Free energy, metabolism

Question 9

What is ATP required for?

Answer 9

= to supply free energy for muscle contraction

Question 10

What are the 3 ____ pathways to produce ATP?

Answer 10

The 3 metabolic pathways are:

1. Stored phosphocreatine
2. Anaerobic Glycolysis
3. Oxidative formation of ATP (Aerobic)

Question 11

Which is the fastest of the 3 metabolic pathways to create ATP?

Answer 11

Stored phosphocreation is the fastest

Anaerobic Glycolysis is the second fastest, slowest is oxidative formation

Question 12

Which of the 3 metabolic pathways to create ATP is/are anaerobic?

Answer 12

Stored phosphocreatine

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 13

Explain the production of ATP through Stored Phosphocreatine.

Answer 13

• provides rapid supply of ATP (is the simplest and fastest
• limited stores
• lasts less than 10 seconds
• takes 3 min to be full
• Anaerobic alactate (no lactic acid)
• creatine monohydrate supplementation
• training does little to increase capacity
• produce very large amound in short time

Question 14

Explain Anaerobic Glycolysis (a production of ATP).

Answer 14

• breakdown of glucose(glycogen)
• transfer bound energy from glucose to rejoin P to ADP
• occurs in sarcoplasm of muscle cell
• provides ATP for 20sec to 3 min
• byproduct: lactic acid
• also called anaerobic lactate system
• creates 2 molecules of ATP

Question 15

What is the difference between ADP and ATP?

Answer 15

ADP has one less phosphate group (di or tri-phosphate)

Question 16

What is Lactic Acid used to do?

Answer 16

• store pyruvate and hydrogen ions until they can be processed by the aerobic system

Question 17

What does training make lactic acid do?

Answer 17

go up in the muscle to stop the muscles from working (more training makes the muscles last longer)

Question 18

What is the primary source of substrates?

Answer 18

Carbohydrates (starches and sugars)

dietary source for glucose

Question 19

What are Carbohydrates primary energy fuels for(4 organs)?

Answer 19

brain, muscles, heart, liver

Question 20

What is the Anaerobic Threshold?

Answer 20

• exercise intensity when lactic acid begins to accumulate in the blood
• point in exercise when you feel discomfort and burning sensations in muscles
• also estimated by ventilatory threshold: when you breath heavier
• the more fit you are the higher your anaerobic threshold

Question 21

What are 4 effects of training on the anaerobic system?

Answer 21

• reduce rate of lactate production
• increase rate of lactate elimination (increase lactic acid deffusion from active muscles, increase muscle blood flow, increase metabolism)
• improve tolerance to increased acidity
• athletes have lots more blood flow in their muscles