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Microbiology > Lecture 17 Epidemiology > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is puerperal fever?

A

bacterial infection of utuerus

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2
Q

How did women get puerperal fever?

A

From delivering babies and not washing hands

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3
Q

What causes puerperal fever?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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4
Q

Attack rate

A

Percentage of people who become ill after exposure to infectious agent

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5
Q

_____ reflects infectious dose

A

Attack rate

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6
Q

Incidence

A

Measure of frequency which which new cases of illness occurs among a population during a specified period

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7
Q

_______ measures risk of an individual contracting a disease

A

incidence

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8
Q

prevalence

A

total number of cases at any time or for a specific period in a given population

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9
Q

morbidity

A

incidence of disease in a population

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10
Q

Mortality

A

overall death rate in population

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11
Q

Case fatality rate

A

percent of population that dies from specific disease

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12
Q

Endemic disease

A

constantly present in population

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13
Q

Sporadic

A

few cases from time to time

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14
Q

epidemic

A

unusually large number of cases

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15
Q

outbreak

A

group of cases at specific time and population

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16
Q

Pandemic

A

global

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17
Q

Reservoir of infection

A

natural habitat of pathogen

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18
Q

Pathogen is easier to control if

A

humans are only reservoir

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19
Q

zoonoses exist is ______

A

animals

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20
Q

zoonoses can be transmitted to ______

A

humans

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21
Q

environmental reservoirs are difficult to ______

A

eliminate

22
Q

what are the portals of exit

A

intestinal tract, respiratory tract, skin, genital pathogens

23
Q

vertical transmission

A

pregnant mother to fetus in utero
mother to infant during childbirth
breast feeding

24
Q

horizontal transmission

A

person to person via air, physical contact, ingestion of food or water

25
Q

direct transmission

A

immediate transfer of infectious agent to portal of entry

26
Q

organisms with ______ infectious dose are transmitted by direct contact

A

low

27
Q

aerosol droplet transmission can spread respiratory disease when

A

droplets are inhaled

28
Q

airborne transmission causes respiratory disease by small droplets released when

A

talking, travel further than aerosal droplet

29
Q

aerosol droplet nuclei

A

microbes attached to dried material that remain suspended

30
Q

vehicle borne transmission

A

transmitted by objects, food, water

31
Q

fomites

A

inanimate objects

32
Q

vector-borne tranmission

A

living organism that can carry pathogen

33
Q

Vectors are usually

A

arthropods: mosquitos, flies, ticks

34
Q

mechanical vector

A

carries microbe on body from one location to location

35
Q

biological vector

A

participates in life cycle of pathogen, provides a place for it to multiply

36
Q

virulence

A

ability to cause disease

37
Q

dose

A

number of pathogens introduced, minimum number of pathogens required to produce symptoms

38
Q

incubcation period

A

influences extent of spread

39
Q

immunity to pathogen is caused by

A

previous exposure, immunization

40
Q

______ are less likely to update immunizations

A

elderly

41
Q

______ are most likely to develop UTIs, this is because urethra is shorter

A

Women

42
Q

how does breastfeeding affect infection

A

provides protective antibodies to infant

43
Q

CDC publishes what report about labs, data, public health

A

Morbidity and Mortality weekly report (MMWR)

44
Q

What does World Health Organization do?

A

Provides worldwide guidance, global standards for health, health technology, info about epidemics

45
Q

emerging infectious disease

A

recently increased in incidence

46
Q

Healthcare associated infectious

A

acquired while receiving treatment in hospital

one of top 10 causes of death in the US

47
Q

______ infectious affect 5% of patients

A

hospital acquired nosocomial infections

48
Q

gram ______ can thrive in sinks, ventilators, toilets

A

gram negative rods

49
Q

CDC established ______ for healthcare-associated infections

A

healthcare infection control practices advisory committe (HICPAC)

50
Q

NHSN

A

national healthcare safety network
tracks data, identifies problem areas, assesses progression

51
Q

what is a focus on the future of bacteria

A

category A agents of bioterrorism

Microbiology (16 decks)

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