Lecture 17 Epidemiology

Question 1

What is puerperal fever?

Answer 1

bacterial infection of utuerus

Question 2

How did women get puerperal fever?

Answer 2

From delivering babies and not washing hands

Question 3

What causes puerperal fever?

Answer 3

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 4

Attack rate

Answer 4

Percentage of people who become ill after exposure to infectious agent

Question 5

_____ reflects infectious dose

Answer 5

Attack rate

Question 6

Incidence

Answer 6

Measure of frequency which which new cases of illness occurs among a population during a specified period

Question 7

_______ measures risk of an individual contracting a disease

Answer 7

incidence

Question 8

prevalence

Answer 8

total number of cases at any time or for a specific period in a given population

Question 9

morbidity

Answer 9

incidence of disease in a population

Question 10

Mortality

Answer 10

overall death rate in population

Question 11

Case fatality rate

Answer 11

percent of population that dies from specific disease

Question 12

Endemic disease

Answer 12

constantly present in population

Question 13

Sporadic

Answer 13

few cases from time to time

Question 14

epidemic

Answer 14

unusually large number of cases

Question 15

outbreak

Answer 15

group of cases at specific time and population

Question 16

Pandemic

Answer 16

global

Question 17

Reservoir of infection

Answer 17

natural habitat of pathogen

Question 18

Pathogen is easier to control if

Answer 18

humans are only reservoir

Question 19

zoonoses exist is ______

Answer 19

animals

Question 20

zoonoses can be transmitted to ______

Answer 20

humans

Question 21

environmental reservoirs are difficult to ______

Answer 21

eliminate

Question 22

what are the portals of exit

Answer 22

intestinal tract, respiratory tract, skin, genital pathogens

Question 23

vertical transmission

Answer 23

pregnant mother to fetus in utero
mother to infant during childbirth
breast feeding

Question 24

horizontal transmission

Answer 24

person to person via air, physical contact, ingestion of food or water

Question 25

direct transmission

Answer 25

immediate transfer of infectious agent to portal of entry

Question 26

organisms with ______ infectious dose are transmitted by direct contact

Answer 26

low

Question 27

aerosol droplet transmission can spread respiratory disease when

Answer 27

droplets are inhaled

Question 28

airborne transmission causes respiratory disease by small droplets released when

Answer 28

talking, travel further than aerosal droplet

Question 29

aerosol droplet nuclei

Answer 29

microbes attached to dried material that remain suspended

Question 30

vehicle borne transmission

Answer 30

transmitted by objects, food, water

Question 31

fomites

Answer 31

inanimate objects

Question 32

vector-borne tranmission

Answer 32

living organism that can carry pathogen

Question 33

Vectors are usually

Answer 33

arthropods: mosquitos, flies, ticks

Question 34

mechanical vector

Answer 34

carries microbe on body from one location to location

Question 35

biological vector

Answer 35

participates in life cycle of pathogen, provides a place for it to multiply

Question 36

virulence

Answer 36

ability to cause disease

Question 37

dose

Answer 37

number of pathogens introduced, minimum number of pathogens required to produce symptoms

Question 38

incubcation period

Answer 38

influences extent of spread

Question 39

immunity to pathogen is caused by

Answer 39

previous exposure, immunization

Question 40

______ are less likely to update immunizations

Answer 40

elderly

Question 41

______ are most likely to develop UTIs, this is because urethra is shorter

Answer 41

Women

Question 42

how does breastfeeding affect infection

Answer 42

provides protective antibodies to infant

Question 43

CDC publishes what report about labs, data, public health

Answer 43

Morbidity and Mortality weekly report (MMWR)

Question 44

What does World Health Organization do?

Answer 44

Provides worldwide guidance, global standards for health, health technology, info about epidemics

Question 45

emerging infectious disease

Answer 45

recently increased in incidence

Question 46

Healthcare associated infectious

Answer 46

acquired while receiving treatment in hospital one of top 10 causes of death in the US

Question 47

______ infectious affect 5% of patients

Answer 47

hospital acquired nosocomial infections

Question 48

gram ______ can thrive in sinks, ventilators, toilets

Answer 48

gram negative rods

Question 49

CDC established ______ for healthcare-associated infections

Answer 49

healthcare infection control practices advisory committe (HICPAC)

Question 50

NHSN

Answer 50

national healthcare safety network tracks data, identifies problem areas, assesses progression

Question 51

what is a focus on the future of bacteria

Answer 51

category A agents of bioterrorism