Lecture 18: Cultural Internalization Flashcards

1
Q

Koestner’s daughter’s classmate and motivation story

A

One of Koestner’s daughter’s classmates transferred schools because the school used stickers to motivate kids

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2
Q

do most people who work with kids motivate them effectively?

A

no, most people who are working with kids are often actively working against intrinsic motivation

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3
Q

internal conflict of immigrants

A
  • Many immigrants experience an internal conflict between heritage and mainstream values
  • They will behave in different ways in different settings
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4
Q

my big fat greek wedding

A
  • The #1 Romantic comedy of all time
  • It became a word-of-mouth phenomenon
  • It was written by a Canadian comedian who largely joked about how tough it was to have two Greek parents
  • In the movie, the protagonist meets an American man and falls in love but is worried that her parents won’t approve because they are very traditionally Greek
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5
Q

what is the common sentiment of immigrant parents regarding culture?

A

that their kids should be proud of their culture, but this becomes complex in a multicultural society

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6
Q

Gazette article, 2005 on cultural internalization

A

“Parents inevitably want to pass on some of the values that shaped their upbringing (ex, politeness and respect). For some immigrant parents trying to do this can be challenging as their children navigate two different cultural universes.”

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7
Q

Koestner’s childhood

A
  • Koestner and his brother wanted to be “All-American”
  • The U.S. is more of a melting pot where you’re not encouraged to maintain your culture
  • Hitler was Austrian and Koestner didn’t want to be associated with him
  • He never wanted his dad to drive him and his teammates to baseball because of the traditional music he listened to
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8
Q

cultural conformity and gender

A

The pressures to conform are always worse on girls than on boys

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9
Q

Austrian things Koestner didn’t internalize

A
  • Going to German school on Saturday mornings
  • Eating wursts
  • Wearing lederhosen
  • Accordion lessons
  • Polka dancing
  • Playing soccer
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10
Q

Koestner’s parents on cultural internalization

A
  • Koestner’s mom was excited about becoming American but his dad wasn’t
  • This was the same thing with Tula’s parents in My Big Fat Greek Wedding
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11
Q

cultural internalization

A

the process by which cultural beliefs and practices are adopted by the individual and then enacted in the absence of immediate external contingencies or constraints

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12
Q

impact of outright rejecting your culture

A
  • Outright rejecting your culture isn’t a good thing to do psychologically
  • It’s a central part of your identity
  • Rejecting it can lead to anxiety and depression
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13
Q

Deci and Ryan’s theory of internalization

A
  1. Children are willing and even active participants in the process
  2. There are different processes by which internalization occurs, such as introjection and identification/integration
  3. These different internalization processes result in qualitatively different styles of self-regulation
  4. The social context influences which internalization process and regulatory style occurs
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14
Q

introjection

A

taking in a value or regulatory process but not accepting it as one’s own

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15
Q

identification and integration

A

fully assimilating a regulation with one’s core sense of self

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16
Q

example of introjection

A

cribs with roofs over them to prevent kids from getting out

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17
Q

what is necessary for internalization

A

more democratic parents and culture

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18
Q

Downie et al., 2004 study method

A
  • Measured cultural internalization by asking how much and why people pursue specific cultural traditions and practices and classified it as external introjected or identified
  • Also measured positive and negative affected experiences in heritage and host cultural contexts and global well-being
  • The study included both self- and peer-reports
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19
Q

external cultural internalization example

A

“My parents and relatives want me to.”

20
Q

introjected cultural internalization example

A

“I would feel ashamed, guilty, or anxious if I did not – I feel I ought to do this.”

21
Q

identified cultural internalization example

A

“I believe it is important to do – I endorse it freely and value it wholeheartedly.”

22
Q

Downie et al., 2004 key findings

A
  • There are specific links between the internalization of each culture and its effect in those cultural settings
  • There was a significant association between bi-cultural integration and global well-being
  • The results were confirmed by peer reports
23
Q

Downie et al., 2004 takeaway

A

the degree to which immigrants fully internalize their host and heritage cultures importantly relates to their adjustment

24
Q

Downie et al., 2007 study question

A

why are some immigrants better able to internalize and integrate their multiple cultures

25
Q

Downie et al., 2007 study hypothesis

A

parental autonomy support around cultural issues will promote autonomous internalization

26
Q

Downie et al., 2007 study method

A

Used a self-report with specific items about parents’ autonomy support

27
Q

sample item from Downie et al., 2007 study

A
  • If I dated an individual who was not a member of my heritage culture my mother (father) would…
  • Forbid me to date them
  • Treat them coldly and firmly emphasize the importance of dating someone from our own culture
  • Express his/her disappointment while respecting my choice
  • Be happy that I am happy
28
Q

what is the most common level of autonomy-support among immigrant parents

A

no autonomy support (ex. would respond with “Forbid to date them)

29
Q

autonomy support among parents

A

Both parents tended to be similarly autonomy-supportive

30
Q

Downie et al., 2007 study 1: immigrants to Montreal findings

A
  • Autonomy support was significantly associated with the autonomous internalization of heritage culture
  • Internalization of heritage cultural values was associated with better well-being
  • Internalization of host cultural values was significantly associated with better well-being
  • These results were confirmed by peer reports
31
Q

sojourning

A

living in another country for a set duration (ex. Studying abroad)

32
Q

Downie et al., 2007 study 1: Chinese Malaysian sojourners

A
  • Parental autonomy support was significantly associated with autonomous internalization of the heritage culture
  • Internalization of the heritage cultural values was significantly associated with better adjustment for all participants
33
Q

conclusion of Downie studies

A
  • Experiences of autonomy support are critical to the successful adaptation of immigrants because they promote successful cultural internalization and integration
  • Controlling methods lead to rebellion and poor adjustment
34
Q

Koestner’s Austrian cousins

A
  • His cousins came to visit from Austria when he was 16 and he found that they were more Westernized than he thought they would be
  • Immigrants often freeze in terms of cultural development at the time they move
35
Q

Koestner’s view on his childhood now

A

He has regrets about being so embarrassed of his dad and not playing soccer like he wanted him to

36
Q

most common response to “Are all cultural guidelines equally easy or difficult to internalize?”

A

cultural relativism

37
Q

cultural relativism

A

the principle that an individual’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own cultural

38
Q

bride abduction in Kyrgyzstan

A
  • More than half of Kyrgyzstan’s married women were snatched from the street by their husbands in a custom known as “ala kachuu,” which translates roughly as “grab and run.”
  • The custom predates the arrival of Islam in the 12th century and appears to have its roots in the region’s once-marauding tribes, which periodically stole horses and women from rivals when supplies ran low.
  • Once a woman has been taken to a man’s home, her future in-laws try to calm her down and get a white wedding shawl onto her head. The shawl, called a jooluk, is a symbol of her submission. Many women fight fiercely, but about 80 percent of those kidnapped eventually relent, often at the urging of their parents.
39
Q

Chrikov & Ryan’s 2004 Dimensions of Culture

A

individualistic vs. collectivistic and egalitarian vs. hierarchical

40
Q

individualistic vs. collectivistic

A

Priority is given to individuals’ goals and preferences vs. the needs, norms, and goals of a group or collective

41
Q

egalitarian vs. hierarchical

A

Emphasis on equality and interchangeability among people vs. an emphasis on hierarchical and subordinate social relations

42
Q

egalitarian

A

believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities

43
Q

hierarchical

A

a system in which people are arranged in order of their importance or rank

44
Q

what cultures are most difficult to internalize according to Downie?

A

hierarchical cultures

45
Q

Kelinjin Tribe initiation rituals

A
  • In Kenya, the Kelinjin Tribe practices genital mutilation in their runners
  • The prospective runners are not allowed to show any signs of pain
  • Kids as young as 8 start self-harming to build up their pain tolerance
  • A father from this tribe who became a successful UCLA runner said that he would never go back and allow his son to go through this ritual
46
Q

other key results from the Downie studies

A
  • The content of cultural values does differ across heritage countries
  • Vertical (hierarchical) practices were by far the most difficult to fully integrate
  • This means there will be a limit to our well-being
  • This is true for bi-cultural and mono-cultural individuals