Lecture 2

Question 1

“Middle age” age range?

Answer 1

40-65

Question 2

“Adulthood” Age range?

Answer 2

22-40

Question 3

What age is advanced materal age?

Answer 3

35

Question 4

What is erickson’s stage of midlife?

Answer 4

Generativity vs stagnation

Question 5

_______________ involves reaching out to others in ways that give to and guide the next generation
Although parenting is a major means of realizing
___________, it is not the only means

Answer 5

generativity

Question 6

The definition of a midlife crisis is a period of
transition in life where someone struggles with
their identity and self-confidence. It happens
anywhere from _________________ years old and
affects men and women.

Answer 6

40-60 years old

Question 7

In mid-life vision is affected by ________ – loss of accommodative ability of the lens. Reading glasses may be needed

Answer 7

Presbyopia

Question 8

Vision changes in middle adulthood?

Answer 8

Reduced vision in dim light
Increased sensitivity to glare
Diminished color discrimination
Risk of glaucoma increases

Question 9

Presbycusis means what?

Answer 9

age-related hearing loss, begins with a
decline in detection of high frequencies and then
spreads to other tones

Question 10

In middle age, The ability to distinguish sounds occurring in _____________ declines and eventually human speech
becomes harder to decipher

Answer 10

close succession

Question 11

Muscle strength declines at age __

Answer 11

30

Question 12

Each decade, _% of muscle mass is lost

Answer 12

5%

Leading to increased muscle strains

Question 13

LE muscular strength reduced by __% between ages 30-80

Answer 13

40%

Question 14

Body composition changes in middle age

Answer 14

Muscle mass declines
Decreased strength & endurance
Fat deposits increase

A low-fat diet with regular exercise, including resistance
training can offset excess weight and muscle loss

Question 15

Osteoporosis definition

Answer 15

severe age related bone loss

Question 16

Osteoporosis effects __% of adults over 50, mainly women

Answer 16

10%

approximately 10 million people

Question 17

From middle to late adulthood, osteoporosis increases _____ in women,, and _____ in men

Answer 17

fivefold in women (from 7 to 35 %)

triples in men (from 3 to 11 %)

Question 18

True or false: Osteoporosis may not be evident until a fracture occurs

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Osteoporosis typically causes fractures where?

Answer 19

Fractures typically occur in the spine, hips, and/or wrist

Question 20

To treat osteoporosis, doctors recommend:

Answer 20

A diet enriched with calcium and vitamin D

Weight bearing exercise

Resistance training

Bone strengthening medications

Question 21

When does coordination decline?

Answer 21

30

Varies among individuals: More physically active adults may not experience as significant of a decline

Question 22

Age related change to vestibular system happens when?

Answer 22

40

• Decreased number of
  sensory cells and
  nerve fibers in the
  peripheral nervous
  system
• Neural changes
  possible in the
  vestibular nerve

Question 23

Common issues for over 50:

Answer 23

Dizziness and vertigo

Question 24

Age related changes to vestibular system: * __% reduction in hair cells and __% reduction in
peripheral nerve fibers in adults over 70

Answer 24

40% reduction in hair cells

36% reduction in periphreal nerve fibers

Question 25

As you age you have: _______ thresholds of excitation of vestibular nuclei

Answer 25

increased Which causes poor balance

Question 25

Menopause is divided into three basic stages

Answer 25

Perimenopause -> menopause -> Post Menopause

Question 25

Vestibular system becomes______ when visual and proprioceptive input conflicts

Answer 25

unreliable

Question 26

The perimenopause or pre-menopause stage occurs about _______ years before menopause

Answer 26

3-5

Question 27

Most females begin to experience symptoms of perimenopause in their mid to late __. It is rare to notice symptoms prior to age __

Answer 27

40s

Question 28

**What menopause stage is this?** During this stage, estrogen and progesterone levels begin to fluctuate. Individuals may begin to experience mood changes, irregular menstrual cycles and other menopausal symptoms.

Answer 28

Perimenopause During this stage, it’s still possible to get pregnant, so continuing a form of birth control is important.

Question 29

Menopause is defined as

Answer 29

the absence of menses for 12 straight months without other causes, such as illness, medication or pregnancy.

Question 30

The average age of menopause is __, but the age can vary greatly. Some enter this stage in their mid-forties and others not until mid-fifties.

Answer 30

51

Question 31

**What menopause stage is this?** Signals the end of the female’s reproductive years. While the ovaries produce low levels of estrogen and progesterone, females will no longer ovulate or menstruate. Individuals may continue to have the same symptoms they experienced during the other stages for many years, but it gets better overtime

Answer 31

Post menopause

Question 32

Females in post menopause are at an increased risk of ____________________ due to the decrease in estrogen.

Answer 32

Heart disease and osteoporosis

Question 33

Menopause symptoms often can be managed by ____ If symptoms are intense enough to disrupt quality of life, then you might need ____

Answer 33

Diet, Exercise, or lifestyle modifications Hormone replacement therapy or other medications

Question 34

________ refers to the symptoms men experience as their testosterone production levels decrease with age.

Answer 34

andropause

Question 35

After the age of __, testosterone levels start to decline and the symptoms associated with andropause begin to manifest

Answer 35

40

Question 36

Heart Disease is the _______ most common cause of death in people between 45 to 64 yrs

Answer 36

second

Question 37

About __% of middle age Americans die from cardiovascular disease

Answer 37

25%

Question 38

What 3 condiitons are often referred to as the “silent killers” of cardiovascular disease b/c they have often have no symptoms

Answer 38

Atherosclerosis High blood pressure High cholesterol

Question 39

What is the average blood pressure of an adult over 65

Answer 39

150/85 ARE WE SURE ABOUT THIS

Question 40

Leading cause of death among people ages 45 to 64 is what?

Answer 40

Cancer

Question 41

What is the most common cancer in females? In males?

Answer 41

Breast Cancer Prostate Cancer

Question 42

What are the 2nd and 3rd most common cancers in both genders?

Answer 42

2. Lungs 3. Colon

Question 43

From early to middle adulthood, the death rate due to cancer multiples _______, accounting for about __ percent of all midlife deaths in the US.

Answer 43

tenfold 30%