Lecture 3

Question 1

__% of people over the age of 85 live in a longterm care facility

Answer 1

15%

Question 1

For every 100 women aged 65-74 there are ___ men

Answer 1

86

Question 2

In 2020 people over 65 comprised of __% of the population

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

Hayflick limit theory

Answer 3

Cells have limited lifespan, biological clock creates aging

Question 4

Caloric Restriction Theory

Answer 4

Caloric restriction extends life by reducing metabolic stress and oxidative stress

Question 5

Somatic Mutation Theory

Answer 5

genetic damage/ mutatiosn are the result of radiation

Question 6

Primary vs Secondary Aging

Answer 6

Primary: Innevitable affects all systems

Secondary: Lifestyle, Environmental, DIsease

Question 7

Typical vs Atypical aging

Answer 7

Typical- Gradual decline across all systems

Atypical - from underlying disease process

Question 8

-% muscle loss each decade between 20 and 50

Answer 8

5-10%

Question 9

-% loss of muscle mass every decade after 50

Answer 9

12%-15%

Question 10

At what age do you have peak bone density?

Answer 10

30

Question 11

True or false: risk for neurological disease increases with age

Answer 11

True

Question 12

VO2 max declines __% every decade after 20

Answer 12

10%

Question 13

Aging effects on cardiopulm

Answer 13

Decreased CO
Decreased vessel elasticity
Heart thickens
Decrease in pacemaker cells
Decrease in chest wall compliance
Decreased lung capacity

Question 14

Effects of aging on Oral digestion

Answer 14

Decreased saliva production
difficulty swallowing

Question 15

Effects of aging on gut digestion

Answer 15

Decreased digestive hormones
decreased stomach motility
decreased peristalsis

Earlier satiety
Impaired olfaction (effects eating)

Question 16

Presbyopia may occur between what ages

Answer 16

35-40

Question 17

Cataracts occur in __% of people over 75

Answer 17

70%

Question 18

Macular Degeneration causes….

Answer 18

Loss of clarity at center of vision

Question 19

Glaucoma causes…

Answer 19

Loss of peripheral vision

Question 20

The integumentary system is the largest organ and is __% of the bodies weight

Answer 20

15%

Question 21

Pressure injuries can occur in less than _ hours

Answer 21

2 hours

Question 22

Skin aging leads to decreased mast cells, which in turn causes..

Answer 22

Increased risk of infection

Question 23

During typical aging, the visual recognition of objects, long term memory and procedural memory are generally…

Answer 23

Stable

Question 24

During aging, the retention of new information...

Answer 24

is generally stable but may need more cueing to recall

Question 25

Normal Cognition changes due to aging

Answer 25

Slower cognitive speed decreased word retreival decreased selective/divided attention difficulty learning new things decreased executive cognitive function

Question 26

Atypical changes due to aging include

Answer 26

Mood changes (withdrawal from hobbies) Visuospatial changes (loss of vision or getting lost in familiar places) Memory Changes (longterm memory, recognizing people)

Question 27

Mild Cognitive Impairment effects __% of people age 65-74 and __% of people 85+

Answer 27

65-74 19% 85+ 38% Reduces capabilities of person relative to their education level, but DOES NOT interfere with ADLs

Question 28

What is the relationship between Mild cognitive impairment and education

Answer 28

Inverse

Question 29

Atypical Aging: Dementia Diagnosis requires two or more of the following be significantly impaired

Answer 29

Memory Communication/ Language Ability to focus Reasoning/Judgement Visual perception

Question 30

The most common type of dementia is..

Answer 30

Alzheimers

Question 31

Other conditions may present as dementia like...

Answer 31

Depression UTI Delirium Medication side effects Alcohol Vitamin Deficiency

Question 32

Delerium is a _____ change in mental state

Answer 32

Sudden change Can be caused by hospitalization (11-42% of hospitalized older adults)

Question 33

The most common mental health condition in older adults 65+ is...

Answer 33

Depression

Question 34

Depression effects between 11-16% of the population, and effects ___% of adults in communal living facilities

Answer 34

30-44%

Question 35

The PHQ-2 is for what?

Answer 35

Measuring depression in older adults. It asks about the previous 2 weeks.

Question 36

3 most common causes of death in elderly in 2020

Answer 36

Heart Disease Cancer Covid

Question 37

Cancer incidence in older adults has increased by __% in the last 30 years

Answer 37

26%

Question 38

An older person has x__ more chance to develop cancer as a younger person

Answer 38

x11

Question 39

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes

Answer 39

High BP Obesity Family History Lack of exercise Over 45 African American, Indian, or Pacific islander

Question 40

Frailness details

Answer 40

Can effect psychological, physical, and cognitive domains Underweight BMI under 18.5 Predictive of falls, hospitalization

Question 41

Fit older adult standards

Answer 41

Gaitspeed 1.2m/s TUG under 10 seconds 30s chair rise 15+

Question 42

Mildly Frail

Answer 42

Gaitspeed 0.8-1.2m/s TUG 10-15s 30s Chair rise 8-15

Question 43

Moderately frail

Answer 43

0.5-0.8m/s gait speed TUG 15-20s 30 second chair rise Under 8

Question 44

Severely frail

Answer 44

Gaitspeed under 0.5m/s TUG over 20 30s rise from chair: unable

Question 45

At what stage fraility may someone modify getting up from floor?

Answer 45

Mild fraility

Question 46

What what stage fraility is someone difficulty or unable to get up from floor

Answer 46

moderate fraility

Question 47

A stroke reduces mobility in ____ of stroke survivors over 65

Answer 47

Half

Question 48

What is the leading cause of longterm disability

Answer 48

Stroke

Question 49

Stroke risk factors

Answer 49

Age Diabetes HBP Smoking Cholesterol Heart Disease

Question 50

F.A.S.T stroke acronym

Answer 50

Face Arms Speech Time

Question 51

UTI is more common in...

Answer 51

Women

Question 52

__% of women 65+ have had a UTI within the last 12 months

Answer 52

10%

Question 53

What is the second leading cause of hospital accquired infection

Answer 53

Pneumonia

Question 54

Older adults Pneumonia stats How much more likely to get pneumonia? How much more likely to be hospitalized for pneumonia?

Answer 54

Older adults are x4 as likely to have pneumonia and x5 more likely to be hospitalized

Question 55

Pneumonia has a __% morality rate

Answer 55

33% Leads to 50% of all sepsis Occurs in roughly 8-10% of all hospital admissions

Question 56

Ageism is associated with an earlier death, approximately _ years

Answer 56

7.5

Question 57

The term _____ is prefered over senior citizen

Answer 57

Older Adult