Lecture 5 Flashcards by Alexander Lee

3 Leading causes of male death?

Cardiac diease 24.2%
Cancer 21.9%
Unintentional injuries 7.6%

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Male suicide death rate?

2.6%

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What is the most common heart condition in the US?

Coronary Artery disease 47.7%

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What is the second most common cardiac disease death in the US

Stroke 16.4%

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What is atherosclerosis

hardening of arteries due to plaque

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What are the 3 most common symptoms of CAD

Chest pain- because heart muscle doesnt get enough blood
arrythmia - irregular heart beat
heart attack- plaque blocks arteries that carry blood to heart

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Warning signs of heart attack

Chest discomfort (can come and go or last several minutes)
Pain in other areas of body
Shortness of breathe with or without chest pain
Cold sweat/nausea/ light headedness

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What are the main risk factors for heart disease?

Hypertension
High Cholesterol
Tabacco use

Diabetes
Overweight
….

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What percent of men smoke?

22%

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What percent of men have high blood pressure

32%

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What percent of men are overweight

25.8%

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What is a coronary angioplasty

Placing a catheter into artery and using a balloon to open it up

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Coronary artery bypass surgery

Vein taken from another part of the body to bypass the blockage

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What are the 3 most common cancers in men

Prostate 10.1M
Lung 7M
Colorectal 4.4M

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Prostate weight by age

At birth – 1.5 grams
Puberty – 11 grams
Mid 20s – 18 grams
70s – 31 grams

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Throughout life, the prostate increases x__ in size

x21

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The prostate grows ______

Inward decreasing the width of urethra

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Enlargement of the prostate is associated wiht decreased…

Testosterone

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The prostate is the size of a

Walnut

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20% of men in their 50s have

Benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH

This increases to 60% in their 60s and
70% in their 70s

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia can cause…

LUTS
Lower urinary tract symptoms

frequency, urgency, urge incontinence, nocturia,
hesitancy, intermittent stream, dribbling, weak
stream, urinary retention, chronic UTI

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What are behavioral/lifestyle changes to help with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Reduce Caffine

Reduce PM fluids

Timed Voiding

Urgency Suppression

True or false: Most men with prostate cancer are already older and do not die from the disease

True

What race has the highest incidence of prostate cancer

Black people

Symptoms of prostate cancer

Difficulty starting urination Weak or interupted flow of urine Frequent urination Difficulty emptying bladder completely Pain or burning during urination Blood in urine or semen Persistent pain in back/hips/pelvis Painful ejaculation

Digital rectal exam is for what

Prostate cancer -Feel the size/tenderness/shape of prostate with finger tip

Prostate specific antigen test

PSA is a protein released by the prostate when there is prostate cancer

Dietary recommendations for prostate cancer prevention

* Eat lots of veggies and fruits * Eat cooked tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit - Sources of lycopene, a potent antioxidant in the prostate gland * Eat less meat (i.e. red meat) * Low sugar- sugar increases insulin which increases conversion of testosterone to estrogen

Men with incontinence on average reported more ________ compared to women

restrictions on social activities

Urine leaks when you exert pressure on your bladder by coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising

Stress incontinence

You have a sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by an involuntary loss of urine. You may need to urinate often, including throughout the night. Urge incontinence may be caused by a minor condition, such as infection, or a more severe condition such as a neurological disorder or diabetes.

Urge incontinence

You experience frequent or constant dribbling of urine due to a bladder that doesn't empty completely.

Overflow incontinence

You experience more than one type of urinary incontinence — most often this refers to a combination of stress incontinence and urge incontinence.

Mixed incontinence

Men's PT treatments of urinary dysfunctions

Kegels Behavior modifications Neuromuscular re-education Functional Training E-Stim

What is hypogonadism

Decreasing testosterone levels due to aging

Review this

Causes of "male menopause"

Pituitary/testes decline Excessive alcohol consumption Obesity Smoking Hypertension Medications diet lack of exercise poor circulation Psychological problems - depression

__% of men over 50 will have an osteoporsis related fracture in their lifetime

25% Most common cause: testosterone deficiency

True or false: There's a higher chance of having an osteoporosis related fracture over 50 than there is having prostate cancer

True

Primary osteoporosis is related to.... Whereas secondary is related to....

Primary: age Secondary: Lifestyle, disease, medications

Risk factors for osteoporosis

Alcoholism, caffine, immobilization, medication

What is the deadly quartet of metabolic syndrome

Diabetes Obesity Hypertension Dyslipedema Metabolic syndrome is a name for a group of risk factors that increase risk for diabetes, stroke, or heart disease

Prevelance of metabolic syndrome in US?

25% of population

Abdominal fat often coorelates with

Visceral fat

True or false, apple shape body is worse than pear shape

True

Metabolic syndrome is strongly coorelated with low

testosterone

Men with hypogonadism have a 2.3 times increase in risk for

Diabetes and insulin resistance

Metabolic syndrome requirements

If you have 3 or more of the requirements on the chart. Waist circumference Triglycerides Blood Pressure Fasting Glucose

Losing as little as ___% of bodyfat can reduce insulin resistance and blood pressure

5-10% Other treatments for metabolic syndrome: Fiber rich food, exercising 30 minutes 5-6 times a week

Males are x_ more likely to die from drowning

x4 more likely Alcohol is involved in 50% of cases

What are the leading causes of unintentional injuries in men

Motor vehicle accidents Drug poisoning

Take note of this chart

Guys in their 20s are in more accidents than their teens Girls in their teens are in more accidents than their 20s

Depression effects _ million women and _ million men in america

12 million women 6 million men

75% of suicides are male

Men show fewer warning signs and are more likely to act on suicidal thoughts