Lecture 2

Question 1

Asexual reproduction

Answer 1

a method or reproduction that doesnt involve the fusion of gametes

Question 2

Sexual reproduction

Answer 2

a method of reproduction that involves the fusion of male and female gametes

Question 3

Gametes

Answer 3

germ cells that are involved in reproduction which include sperm and eggs

Question 4

Haploid

Answer 4

a cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes

Question 5

Diploid

Answer 5

a cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

Question 6

Mitosis

Answer 6

a process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 7

Meiosis

Answer 7

a specialized form of cell division that produces four genetically diverse gametes

Question 8

Oviparity

Answer 8

a mode of reproduction in which eggs are laid outside the body

Question 9

Ovovoparity

Answer 9

a mode of reproduction where eggs hatch inside the female’s body and live young are born

Question 10

Viviparity

Answer 10

a mode of reproduction where the young develop inside the female and are born live

Question 11

IVF in dogs

Answer 11

In Vitro Fertilization in dogs has a history of challeneges related to reproductive technology

Question 12

Cryopreservation of Gametes

Answer 12

the process or preserving reproductive cells at very low temperatures to maintain their viability

Question 13

Fertility preservation

Answer 13

the process of saving eggs or sperm prior to cancer treatment to allow for future reproduction

Question 14

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Answer 14

a medical procedure where an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body

Question 15

Intracytoplasmic sperm Injection

Answer 15

a procdeure in which a single sperm is injected directly into an egg to facilitate fertilization

Question 16

Artificial Insemination

Answer 16

a reproductive technology that involved directly inserting sperm into a female’s reproductive tract

Question 17

Sex-selected semen

Answer 17

semen that has been processed to increase the likelihood of producing offspring of a desired sex

Question 18

Ovsynch

Answer 18

a protocol used to synchronize the ovulation of multiple females for breeding purposes

Question 19

Genetic diveristy in populations

Answer 19

the total of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of the species

Question 20

Breast cancer

Answer 20

the most common cancer in women, which can be estrogen responsive/dependent

Question 21

prostate cancer

Answer 21

the 2nd most common cancer in men, often dependent, often dependent on androgens

Question 22

Endocrine disrupting chemicals

Answer 22

chemicals that can interfere with hormonal systems, potentially causing developmental, reproductive, and often health issues

Question 23

Andrology

Answer 23

the study of the male reproductive system

Question 24

Gynecology

Answer 24

the study of female reproductive system

Question 25

Obstetrics

Answer 25

the field of study concerned with childbirth and the care of women giving birth

Question 26

Theriogenology

Answer 26

the study of animal reproduction

Question 27

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 27

-slow reproduction -requiring time -energy -competition to find a mate

Question 28

oocyte

Answer 28

the female gamete, also known as egg or ovum

Question 29

Germ cell

Answer 29

a cell that gives rise to gametes through the process of meiosis

Question 30

Gonads

Answer 30

the organs that produce gametes; testes in males and ovaries in females

Question 31

Hermaphrodites

Answer 31

organisms capable producing both sperm and oocytes

Question 32

Sequential hermaphroditism

Answer 32

a reproductive strategy where an organism can change sex during it's lifetime, seen in species like clownfish and sea bass

Question 33

Parthenogenesis

Answer 33

a form of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into an organism without fertilization

Question 34

Haploidiploidy

Answer 34

males develop from unfertilized eggs and females from fertilized eggs

Question 35

Diploid

Answer 35

cells that contain two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

Question 36

Zygote

Answer 36

the diploid cell formed by the fusion of two haploid gametes

Question 37

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 37

chromosome pairs, one from each parent, that are a similar shape,size, and genetic content

Question 38

Sister chromatid

Answer 38

identical copy of chromosomes that are joined together at the centromere

Question 39

Sex chromosomes

Answer 39

chromosomes that determine sex

Question 40

Crossover

Answer 40

exchange of DNA between non-sister chromatids (one from mom and dad)

Question 41

Sex

Answer 41

intercourse, coitus, making love

Question 42

Intromission

Answer 42

insertion of the penis into the vagina

Question 43

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 43

when two sexes of the same species exhibit visible characteristics beyond differences in sexual organs

Question 44

Gender

Answer 44

a social construct that differs from biological sex

Question 45

Gender dysphoria

Answer 45

conflict between a person's assigned/physical gender and their internal sense/feelings of their gender

Question 46

Morphological sex

Answer 46

the physical characteristics of an organism that may not match their genetic sex

Question 47

Sexually indifferent

Answer 47

a term describing the early embryo which is neither male nor female

Question 48

Castration

Answer 48

removal of the gonads (testes or ovaries)

Question 49

External fertilization

Answer 49

fertilization occurs outside of the body

Question 50

Spawning

Answer 50

release of both the sperm and eggs into external enviornment

Question 51

Broadcast spawning

Answer 51

a method of external fertilization where gametes are released into the water

Question 52

Internal fertilization

Answer 52

fertilization occurs outside the body

Question 53

Primiparous

Answer 53

first/one pregnancy

Question 54

Multiparous

Answer 54

multiple pregnancies