Lecture 3-8 Flashcards
Endocrinology
Neural reflex
a direct response to a stimulus via neurons
Neuroendocrine reflex
neural signal triggers hormone hormone release into the blood
Endocrine organs
glands producing hormones affecting distant organs
Hormone characteristics
-potency
-specificity
-duration
Endocrine
hormones released into the bloodstream affecting distant cells
Paracrine
hormones affecting nearby cells without entering bloodstream
Autocrine
hormones affecting the same call that secretes them
Lactocrine
hormones transferred via milk affecting offspring
Hormone receptors
proteins the bind hormones to initiates cellular response
Biochemical classes of Hormones
-Proteinases
-Steroids
-Eicosinoids
-Amines
LH
Lutenizing Hormone: triggers ovulation and testosterone production
FSH
Follicle-stimulating Hormone: stimulates ovarian follicles and spermatogenesis
hCG
human chorionic gonadotropin: maintains early pregnancy
Steroidogenic pathway
coversion of cholsterol to steroid hormones like estradiol
Prostalgandins
lipid compounds involved in inflammation and signaling
NSAIDs
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.
endocrine disrupting hormones
chemicals disrupting hormonal balance in organisms
Negative feedback
process where hormone levels regulate their own production
Positive feedback
process amplifying hormone production in response to stimuli
Hypothalamic nuclei
clusters of nuclei regulating hormone secretion from the pituitary
Pituitary gland lobes
anterior and posterior lobes with distinct hormone functions
HPG axis
hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal axis: regulating reproductive hormones
Neurotransmitters
chemicals transmitting signals between neurons in CNS
