Lecture 2

Question 1

How do photoautotrophs use oxygenic photosynthesis to produce O2?

Answer 1

Electron from water transfereed to cholorphyls creating O2. This electron has high reducing potenial and helps reduce CO2 to CH to use as source of carbon

Question 2

What is the great oxygenation event?

Answer 2

The time when cyanobacteria (the first obligate aerobe appeared). Iron became trapped as insoluble Fe3+ and allowed free oxygen into the atmosphere (occured 1-2 billion years ago)

Question 3

How do aerobes surviv with oygen?

Answer 3

superoxide dismutase and catalase reduce superoxide radical to h2o2 and h20

Question 4

What is the significance of clostridia in soil?

Answer 4

It is an anearobe that produces spores which can survive in the presence of oxygen

Question 5

What is NA plate made of?

Answer 5

meat extracts including an organic carbon source

Question 6

What is favored to grow on NA plates?

Answer 6

Chemohetertrophs, aerobes an facultative aerobes, mesophiles

Question 7

Firmicutes

Answer 7

Gram positive rods/cocci

Aerobes/facultative anearobes

Question 8

Which groups are included in firmicutes?

Answer 8

bacillus, staph, strep

Question 9

What is the morphology of bacillus subtitil

Answer 9

gram positive smooth rods

Question 10

Do bacilli produce endospores?

Answer 10

YES

Question 11

What are 5 members of baccilus?

Answer 11

Subtilis, megaterium, thuringiensis, cereus, anthracis

Question 12

Proteobacteria

Answer 12

largest group of bacteria
mostly rod shpaed
gram negative

Question 13

What three common bacteria in this group

Answer 13

pseudomonas, e.coli, and salmonella

Question 14

Characteristics of pseudomonads

Answer 14

rods, opportunistic, many species, versatile metabolism,

Question 15

Morphology of pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 15

Rods with rough appearance

Question 16

Morphology of bacillus subtilis

Answer 16

smooth rods

Question 17

What does penecillin do in PD layer (B-Lactam)?

Answer 17

Prevents synthesis of peptie brides between NAM and NAM

Question 18

What does Beta-Lactamase do?

Answer 18

It stops the work of B-lactam (the penecillin bacteria) by changing the shape

Question 19

S. Epidermidis (gram + or -)

Answer 19

Gram positive

Question 20

S. Fluroescens (gram + or -)

Answer 20

Gram negaive rodes

Question 21

Go over chemicals involved in gram staining (each specifically)

Answer 21

Look in manual

Question 22

Bacterial Endotoxin

Answer 22

Toxin conserved in lipid A of gram negative

Question 23

MAMP

Answer 23

Microbe-Associated Molecular Paterm
*These are structures recognize by our innate immune system as foreign (such as preteobacteria entoxins, flagella, PD, eichoic acids)

Question 24

What binds MAMPS?

Answer 24

Tol-like receptors and macrophages

Question 25

What does binding to MAMPS initiate?

Answer 25

Flammatory response

Question 26

In something like staph what happens?

Answer 26

Septic shock because the staph sheds PD resulting in tons of MAMPS binding and a crazy inflammatory response

Question 27

What is a serotype

Answer 27

The O Antigen