Lecture 3 Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are capsules made of and what do they do?
Made of poly D-glutamic acid and inhibit phaocytosis and other immune responses
B. Anthracis Capsules
Responsible for the virulence. They look smooth on a plate
Acinobacteria
Diverse group of organisms high in G and C DNA
What is an important bacteria in acinobacteria group?
Streptomyces (has lots of secondary metabolites used as antibiotics)
What is unique about the spores of stretomyces?
They are outside the actual cell
What is potato scapies caused by?
streptomyces!
What is the most important feature of the actinobacteria?
They DOMINATE at making secondary metabolies (antibiotics)
How do insects use streptomyces?
To maintain the antennae of beewolf by inserting in brood cells to control infection
How do southern pine beetles use actinomycetes?
The actinomycete produces antibiotic that protects fungal gardens from competing with the fungus that the beetles use for food
Most pathogens are:
chemoheterotrophs
What does substrate level phosphorylation produce?
A BUNCH of ATP
What happens to pyruvate in the citric acid cycle?
completly oxidized
What happens to the electrons from the citric acid cycle?
They enter the electron transport chain
Obligate Aerobes use:
Cytochrome C cytochrome oxidase complex and the proton motive force to create ATP for respiration (needs cytrochrome C rich electrons)
Oxidase Test
tests for the presence of cytochrome C oxidase in bacteria. This test is done by using TMPD which turns blue when oxidized by the cytrochrome C
What does it mean if the oxidase test turns blue?
Obligate Aerobe because they contain cytochrome C
Whyd do electrons flow from TMPD to cytrochrome C to O2?
Because of the electronegativity
what kind of cytochromes do facultative anaerobes have?
Different ones than cyrophrome C
How does the oxidase test discriminate between cytochrome C and other cytochromes?
Because other cytochromes can not oxidize TMPD so the paper doesn’t turn blue
What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
inroganic or organic compounds (only found in microbial world
How does nitrifiying bacteria generate energy?
By oxidizing ammonia to NO3(doesn’t produce as much energy as O2)
What is fermentation?
generating energy using substate level phospohorylation
What compounds are fermented
glucose and other sugars but also amino acids are used sometimes
Problems with fermentation?
1) energy yield is low
2) excess reductive power (extra electrons generated with nowhere to go)
