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Pedo 1 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Tooth eruption is influenced by what 3 hormones?

A

Growth hormone

Parathyroid hormone

Thyroid hormone

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2
Q

Each tooth starts to move toward occlusion at approximately the time of ____. It takes ___ years for permanent teeth to reach full occlusion after crown completion

A

Crown completion

5 years

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3
Q

True or false… tooth emergence is more closely associated with the stage of root formation than with the skeletal age of the child

A

True

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4
Q

By the time of clinical emergence of the tooth, approximately ____ of root formation has occurred with teeth reaching occlusion before the ___ is complete

A

3/4th

Root development

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5
Q

The earlier primary teeth erupt, the (sooner/later) they will lose them and receive permanent teeth. The (slower/faster) they get the primary teeth they are a lot slower getting permanent teeth.

A

Sooner

Slower

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6
Q

If extraction of the primary molars occurs after 5 years of age, there is a (decrease/increase) in the delay of premolars eruption.

A

Decrease.

Eruption of the premolars teeth is delayed in children who lose primary molars at 4 or 5 years of age or before.

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7
Q

What are odontomas?

A

Composed of enamel, dentin, and pulp tissue.

Because of their slow growth and well differentiation, they are generally considered to represent harmartomas rather than true neoplasms

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8
Q

True or false.. it is contraindicated for early removal of offending primary incisor even in spaced dentition when there is a lingual secondary incisors

A

False

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of teething?

A

Increased salivation

Restlessness

Finger sucking

Gum rubbing

Perhaps loss of appetite

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10
Q

True or false… teething may cause fever, convulsions, bronchitis, diarrhea, infection

A

False

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11
Q

What teeth are most likely to be ankylosed?

A

Mandibular primary molars

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12
Q

What is the first thing you should do to a permanent incompletely erupted molar?

A

Removal of soft tissue and bond covering the occlusal aspect of the crown, then the area should be packed with surgical cement to provide a pathway for the developing permanent tooth

Next, you should do a luxation technique by rocking it the tooth and repeated in 6 months. A delay in treatment may result in a permanently ankylosed molar.

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13
Q

Down syndrome is one of the congenital anomalies in which ___ frequently occurs

A

Delayed eruption of teeth

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14
Q

Down syndrome tend to have lower __ rates but higher __ rates

A

Decay

Gingivitis

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15
Q

Why would you use a passive lingual arch appliance?

A

If the child lost their primary canines too early. . An abnormal lip musculature or oral habit can cause greater force on the mandibular incisors that can be compensated for by the tongue

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16
Q

When should retained primary labial incisors be extracted?

A

If they haven’t naturally corrected by 8 years of age

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17
Q

True or false.. it is acceptable to remove some soft tissue covering the teeth to facilitate eruption when teething

A

False.

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18
Q

How soon do eruption hematomas form before eruption

A

A few weeks before eruption

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19
Q

What are eruption sequestrum?

A

Tiny spicule of non viable bone overlying the crown of an erupting permanent molar just enforce or immediately after the emergence of the tips of the cusps through the oral mucosa

these arent a concern but may be removed

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20
Q

True or false… most natal/neonatal teeth are not supernumerary teeth

A

True. They are actually the primary incisors

Natal teeth are often associated with syndromes like Pierre robin syndrome

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21
Q

What are the differences between Epstein pearls, bohn nodules, and dental lamina cysts?

A

Epstein pearls - formed along the midpalatine raphe. Remnants of epithelial tissue

Bohn nodules - formed along buccal and lingual aspects of dental ridges and on palate away from the raphe. Remnants of salivary gland tissue

Dental lamina cysts - found on the crests of maxillary and mandibular dental ridges. Remnants of dental lamina

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22
Q

True or false… ankylosis of the primary anterior teeth doesn’t usually happen unless there has been trauma

A

True

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23
Q

Ankylosed teeth have a ___ sound opposed to a normal ___ sound upon percussion

A

Solid

Cushioned

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24
Q

True or false… hypothyroidism is associated with premature eruption of teeth

A

False. Delayed eruption

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25
Q

Tooth development can be seen as early as the ___ week of embryonic life

A

6th

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26
Q

Congenital absence of a tooth is a result of a lack of ___ or an arrest in the __ of cells

A

Initiation

Proliferation

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27
Q

True or false… if the primary tooth fails to form, the permanent tooth will also fail to form

A

True. Because the permanent buds stem from the primary buds

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28
Q

How are supernumerary teeth formed?

A

Result from continuing budding of the enamel organ

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29
Q

The peripheral cells of the cap form the ___ and ___

A

Inner and outer enamel epithelium

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30
Q

What happens if cells form the enamel epithelium become more fully differentiated or detached from the enamel organ?

A

They produce enamel and dentin which results in a odontoma or supernumerary tooth

Sometimes they assume a secretory function common to epithelial cells and a cyst develops

The degree of differentiation of the cells determines whether a cyst, odontoma, or supernumerary tooth

31
Q

Cells of the dental papillae differentiate into ____

Cells of the inner enamel epithelium differentiate into ___

A

Odontoblasts

Ameloblasts

32
Q

What happens in the morphodifferentiation stage?

A

The formative cells are arranged to outline the form and size of the tooth

This process happens before matrix deposition

Outlines future dentino-enamel junction

Disturbances and aberrations lead to abnormal forms and size of teeth

33
Q

____ is the result of a layer-like deposition of a nonvital extracellular secretion in the form of a tissue matrix

A

Appositional growth

These cells deposit the enamel and dentin matrix in a definite pattern and at a definite rate

34
Q

The formative cells being their work at specific sites (in the apposition phase) referred to as ___

A

Growth centers

35
Q

Any systemic disturbance or local trauma that injures the ameloblasts can cause an interruption or an arrest in matrix apposition which causes ____

A

Enamel hypoplasia

36
Q

In dentin,The process of calcification begins with a small ___, further precipitation occurs around it

A

Nidus

Eventually there is eventual fusion between the individual calcospherites into a homegnously mineralized layer of matrix

37
Q

The first macroscopic indication of morphological development occurs at approximately ___ weeks in utero.

A

11

38
Q

Excessive proliferation of cells in the cap stage can result in ___

A

Epithelial rests

They may remain inactive or become activeated due to an irritation or stimulants. They may form cysts

39
Q

Failure of ameloblasts to differentiate properly is____

Failure of odontoblasts to differentiate properly is ___

A

Amelogenesis imperfecta

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

40
Q

Disturbances in morphodifferntiation lead to abnormal forms and sizes of teeth resulting in things such as…

A

Peg laterals

Microdontia

Macrodontia

41
Q

What teeth calcify first in utero?

A

Maxillary and mandibular central incisor s

42
Q

When do lateral incisors begin to develop morphological characteristics? What about central incisors? What about canines?

A

Laterals -13-14 weeks

Centrals - 11 weeks

Canines - 14-16 weeks

43
Q

When do central incisors calcify? What about laterals? What about canines?

A

Centrals - 14 weeks

Laterals - 16 weeks

Canines 17 weeks

44
Q

When do the following teeth obtain their morphological shape?

Mandibular first primary molar
Maxillary first primary molar

Mandibular second primary molar
Maxillary second primary molar

A

Mandibular first primary molar - 12 weeks

Maxillary first primary molar - 12.5 weeks

Mandibular second primary molar - 12.5 weeks

Maxillary second primary molar - 12. 5 weeks

45
Q

The work of Krause and Jordan indicates that the adjacent ___ and ___ undergo identical patterns of morphodifferentation but at different times

A

Second primary and first permanent molars

46
Q

Calcification of first permanent molars begins after ___ weeks in utero, some degree of calcification is always present at ___

A

28

Birth

47
Q

What is the calcification sequence?

A 
Central
First primary molar
Lateral
Canine
Second primary molar
First permanent molar
48
Q

The ___ width of the maxillary central crown is greater than the Cervico incisal length

A

Mesio-distal

49
Q

Developmental lines of the primary maxillary central incisor are usually not evident in the crown, thus the ___ surface is smooth. The incisal edge is nearly ___ even befor abrasion becomes evident

A

Labial

Straight

50
Q

Which tooth has well-developed marginal ridges on the lingual surface and a distinctly developed Cingulum. The root of is conical

A

Primary maxillary central

51
Q

Maxillary lateral

The length of the crown from the ___ to ___ edge is greater than the mesiodistal width

A

Cervical to incisal

The outline is similar to maxillary central except the crown is smaller in dimensions

52
Q

The root outline of the maxillary lateral is similar to that of the central except it is ___ in proportion to the crown

A

Longer

53
Q

The crown of the maxillary canin is more ____ at the cervical region that are the incisors. And the ___ and ___ surfaces are more convex

A

Constricted

Incisal

Distal

54
Q

The maxillary canine has a long, slender, tapering root that is more than ____ of the crown

A

Twice the length

The root is usually inclined dismally, apical to the middle third

55
Q

The mandibular central incisor is ___ than the maxillary central, but its ___ measurement is only 1mm less

A

Smaller

Labiolingual

56
Q

The labial aspect of the mandibular central incisor presents a flat surface without developmental grooves. The lingual surface presents marginal ridges and a cingulum. The incisal edge is straight and bisects the crown ___. The root is approximately ___ the length of the crown.

A

Labiolingually

Twice

57
Q

The outline of the mandibular lateral incisor is similar to that of the ___ but is somewhat ___ in all dimensions except ___. The lingual surface may have greater ___ between the marginal ridges. The incisal edge slopes toward the ___.

A

Mandibular central

Larger

Labiolingually

Concavity

Distal

58
Q

The form of the mandibular canine is similar to the maxillary canine except….

A

The crown is slightly shorter

The root may be as much as 2mm shorter than that of the maxillary canine

The mandibular canine is not as large labiolingually

59
Q

The greatest dimension of the maxillary first primary molar is at the ___ contact areas

A

Mesiodistal

60
Q

The ___ cusp of the maxillary first primary molar is the largest and sharpest. The ___ cusp is poorly defines, small, and rounded. The buccal surface is smooth, with little evidence of developmental grooves. The ___ roots are long slender and widely spread.

A

Mesiolingual

Distolingual

3

61
Q

There is a considerable resemblance between the maxillary second primary molar and the ___

A

Maxillary first permanent molar

There are two well defined buccal cusps with a devleopmental groove between them

62
Q

The crown of the ___ primary molar is considerably larger than the __ primary molar. The bifurcation between the buccal roots is close to the __ region. The lingual root is ___ compared to the other roots. The lingual surface has __ cusps, which are…

A

Second
First

Cervical

Larger and thick

3 cusps.. mesiolingual (large), distolingual, cusp of carabelli

On the occlusal surface a prominent oblique ridge connects the mesiolingual and distobuccal cusp

63
Q

What permanent tooth doesThe mandibular first primary molar resemble?

A

It doesn’t resemble any permanent teeth

64
Q

The mandibular primary first molar has two distinct buccal cusps with the ___ being larger. It has a pronounced ___ convergence of the crown on the mesial aspect and __ outline present on the distal. The distal area of the tooth is ___ than the mesial.

A

Mesial

Lingual

Rhomboid

Shorter

It has long slender roots that spread considerably at the apical third

65
Q

What permanent tooth does the mandibular second primary molar resemble?

A

First permanent molar (just smaller)

66
Q

The primary mandibular second molar has three cusps about equal in size and two equal lingual cusps. It has long slender roots with characteristic flare mesiodistal lay in the middle and apical thirds.

A

… yep

67
Q

Do primary teeth have a smaller or larger crown:root ratio

A

Smaller.

Roots are longer

68
Q

The occlusal tables of primary molars are constricted ___ and much narrower ___ when compared to permanent molars

A

Buccolingually

Mesiodistal

69
Q

The thickness of the enamel and dentin of primary teeth is approximately ___ of that of permanent teeth

A

Half

70
Q

The enamel rod direction in the cervical area is angled ___ compared with the ___ direction of permanent teeth

A

Occlusally

Apical

71
Q

The pulp chambers of primary ___ molar teeth are normally larger than the pulp chambers of primary ___ molars

A

Mandibular

Maxillary

72
Q

True or false… primary teeth are whiter/lighter in shade than permanent

A

True

73
Q

Why do you need to do better mechanical retention with primary teeth?

A

Bonding is more difficult

Pedo 1 (14 decks)

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