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Biology 110 > Lecture 2 (chapter 4+5) > Flashcards

Lecture 2 (chapter 4+5) Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Forms the outer limiting barrier that separates internal contents of a cell that is fluid

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2
Q

What is a Plasma membranes function

A
  1. establishes a flexible boundary, protects cells, supports the structure, separates inside and outside of cell
  2. Regulates exit and entrance
  3. establishes and maintains electrical charge differences
  4. Communicates with other cells
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3
Q

parts of a plasma membrane

A

phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids, proteins

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4
Q

Fluid Mosaic model

A

Fluid are able to move freely in the cell

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5
Q

Phospholipids

A

the lipid bilayer (2 layers)

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6
Q

Cholesterol

A

maintains the fluidity

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7
Q

Glycolipids

A

carbohydrate attached lipid

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8
Q

what are the proteins in the plasma membrane

A

Integral, Peripheral

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9
Q

Integral protein

A

extend through the bilayer

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10
Q

Peripheral

A

Attach to the surface

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11
Q

Selective permeability

A

Is the barrier that allows some ions, gasses, and proteins cross but not others

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12
Q

Passive transport

A

moves along the membrane using no energy (typically uses diffusion)

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13
Q

simple diffusion

A

passes without the aid of a membrane protein (it squishes through)

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14
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Requires a carrier protein or channel (like a gate or a path way)

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15
Q

diffusion of water

A

Osmosis moves from low to high solute concentrate. It is the net movement of water through a selective permeable membrane.

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16
Q

tonicity

A

measure of solution ability to change the value of cells by altering water content

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17
Q

isotonic

A

when the shape stays the same because sodium and water are equal

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18
Q

Hypertonic

A

when the water in the cell is being drawn out

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19
Q

hypotonic

A

when the water is being drawn to the cell so it swells

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20
Q

Active transport

A

moves against the gradient using energy

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21
Q

primary trasport

A

uses ATP for energy

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22
Q

Secondary Transport

A

uses other sources of energy

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23
Q

Antiporters

A

carry 2 substances across membrane in opposite direction

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24
Q

Symporters

A

Carry 2 substances across the membrane in the same direction

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25
Tight Junction
Found where a tight seal is needed between cells (bladder or Stomach)
26
Gap Junction
allows small substances to pass through cells
27
Desomosomes
specialized and highly ordered membrane domains that mediate cell-cell contact and strong adhesion.
28
Epithelium
lines surface, forms a protective barrier and secretes mucous and hormones
29
Shapes of Epithelium
Squamous, Cuboidal and columnar
30
Arrangement of Epithelium
simple, stratified, Pseudostratified
31
Simple
1 layer
32
Stratified
Multiple layers
33
Psuedostratified
looks like it has layers but in reality goes from apex to basement
34
Glandular Epithelium
Endocrine, Epithet, and exocrine glands
35
Endocrine glands
secrete contents into blood
36
Epithet glands
Function and secretion
37
Exocrine glands
secrete into lumen to duct to empty into surface
38
cells in connective tissue
fibroblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes,osteocytes, white blood cells
39
Fibroblasts
secretes protein fibres
40
chondrocytes
in the cartilage
41
Adipocytes
store fat
42
Osteocytes
makes bone
43
White blood cells
found in the blood
44
Fibres of CT
Collagen, Elastin, reticular
45
Collagen
Strong and resistant, but not stiff
46
Elastin
strong and stretchy
47
Reticular
supportive and mesh like
48
Loose CT
Areolar, Adipose, Reticular
49
Areolar
most abundant in the body. Strengthens, protects and supports. Found attached to the skin tissue between muscles
50
Adipose
these are fat cells, they reduce heat loss, they are padding and energy source. Found surrounding organs
51
Reticular
form scaffolding to lymphatic organs. Found in spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow
52
Dence CT
irregular, regular, and elastic
53
Irregular Dence
Fibroblasts with collagen fibres arranges randomly. provides strength from forces pulling many directions pulling many directions. Found in Fascia, periosteum, dermis skin
54
Regular Dence
Fibroblasts with collagen fibres arranged regularly. Being pulled from 1 axis. Found in tendons and ligaments.
55
Elastic Connective
fibroblasts freely branching. Allows stretch. Found in lung tissue, and walls of elastic arteries.
56
Cartilage
collagen and elastic fibres in gel-like substance.
57
Hayline Cartilage
chondrocytes with collagen fibres, with gel-like structure. Provide a smooth surface for joints to love. Found at the end of a long bone, ribs, nose, trachea.
58
Fibrocartalage
Think bundles of collagen fibres that provide strength, joint structure, and shock absorption. found in between vertebrae
59
Elastic Cartilage
chondrocyte with elastic fibres. Can move around. Found one external ear.
60
Bone
connective tissue with a calcified extracellular matrix
61
What are the 3 components of muscular tissue
Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
62
Skeletal muscle tissue
movement in skeleton generates heat
63
Cardiac muscle tissue
thick middle layer of heart wall called myocardium, pumping action of heart. Is connected by intercalated discs
64
Smooth Muscle tissue
lacks striation seen in other muscles. Visceral muscle tissue found in wall of intestine, stomach, airway, bladder, uterus, helps propel organ to control size.
65
Nervous tissue
located in the brain, nerves, spine and consists of neutrons that receive, process and transmit
66
Epithelial Membranes
Mucous, Serous, Cutaneous, Synovial
67
Mucous Membrane
lines passage ways and opens external environment and performs absorption, protection or secretory functions. (found in digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems)
68
Serous membrane
Lines body cavities does not open external environment covers surfaces of many organs composed of mesothelium which produces water fluid.
69
Cutaneous membrane
this is the skins membrane
70
Synovial membrane
Reduces friction between moving bone parts and distributes nutrients to bones

Biology 110 (13 decks)

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