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Biology 110 > Midterm unit 1 > Flashcards

Midterm unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

the internal and external structures of the body and their physical relationship (form)

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2
Q

Physiology

A

the study of the function of structures (function)

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3
Q

Metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical reaction that occur in the body

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4
Q

Catabolic

A

the raising up of smaller molecules joining the large

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5
Q

catabolism

A

larger molecules broken into smaller

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6
Q

What are the 4 tissues

A

Epithelium, CT, Muscle, and nerve

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7
Q

All organisms

A

Grow and develop, respond, reproduce, regulate

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8
Q

where is Epithelial tissue found

A

covers the exposed surfaces and cavity of the body

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9
Q

CT function

A

Protects, supports and binds structures and organs

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10
Q

muscle tissue does what

A

produces movement

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11
Q

Nervous tissue does what

A

Conducts impulses for communication

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12
Q

Organs

A

a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular function.

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13
Q

Organ system

A

multiple related organs that work together to coordinate activities and functions

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14
Q

Organism

A

an individual living thing that carries on the activities of life by means of organs which have separate functions but are dependent on each other : a living person, plant, or animal.

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15
Q

Anatomical position

A

facing straight, upward with feet parallel flat on the floor, upper limbs at side of the body, palms anterior and facing the front, head level, and eyes forward

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16
Q

Integumentary system

A

Hair, skin, nails. Protection from water, gain or loss, synthesizes Fit D, realeases secretion, regulates temp, houses sensory receptors

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17
Q

Muscular system

A

Produces movement, generates head

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18
Q

Skeletal system

A

Provides support and protection site of hemotopiesis (blood cell production) stores calcium, provides sites for ligament and muscle attachment

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19
Q

Nervous system

A

regulates and responds to sensory stimuli controls muscles and some glands and is responsible for consciousness and intellectual memory

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20
Q

Endocrine system

A

glands, cells clusters that secrete hormones maintain homeostasis of blood composition and volume =, control digestive processes, and control reproduction function (organs, and sex)

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21
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Transports and filters lymph and may participate in an immune respond (stuff like tonsils, thymus, and spleen)

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22
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Consists of the heart and blood vessels, the heart moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients gases, and pick up waste

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23
Q

Respiratory system

A

Responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and air in the lunges

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24
Q

Urinary system

A

Filters blood and removes waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body

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25
Male reproductive system
Produces sex cells and male hormones, transfers sperm to females
26
Female reproductive system
Produces sex cells and female hormone, receives sperm fertilizes and develops and grows embryo produces and secretes breast milk
27
Digestive system
Mechanically and chemically digests food, absorbs nutrients and expel waste products
28
Superior
Closer to the head (ex. the shoulder is superior to the foot)
29
Inferior
Closer to the feet (ex, the toe is inferior to the heart)
30
Anterior
In front of (ex. the Breast is anterior to the spine)
31
Posterior
Behind or closer to the back (ex. the spine is posterior to the heart)
32
Medial
Towards the midline (ex the heart is medial to the thumb)
33
Lateral
away from the midline (ex. The pinky is lateral to the lungs)
34
Intermediate
In between (ex nose is intermediate to the eyes)
35
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment (ex the elbow is proximal to the wrist)
36
Distal
Further away from the point of attachment (ex. The wrist is distal to the elbow)
37
Superficial
Closer to the outside of the body (further out) (ex. the skin is superficial to the heart)
38
Deep
Further in or closer to the inside of the body (ex. The spleen is Deep to the skin)
39
What are the body planes
Midsagittal, sagittal, transverse, coronal, oblique
40
Midsagittal plane
The body is cut in left and right halves that are equal
41
Sagittal
The body us cut in unequal left and right halves
42
Transverse
divides top from bottom (superior and inferior)
43
Coronal
Divides body into front and back
44
Oblique
Cutting through the body at an angle
45
Axial region
The head neck and trunk
46
Appendicular region
The upper and lower limbs
47
Posterior aspect
contains cavities that are completely encased in bone and is subdivided into cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
48
Cranial Cavity
Formed by bones of cranium. It contains the brain
49
Vertebral canal
formed by the bones of the veritable column. contains the spinal cord.
50
Ventral cavity
Larger and anterior. And does not completely Incase the organs in bone. Cavities are cased with Serous membranes and for 2 layers.
51
What are the 2 layers in ventral cavity
Parietal layer and visceral layer. Between these is the serous cavity.
52
Parietal layer
lines the internal surface if the body wall
53
Visceral layer
covers external surface of organs within cavity
54
Thoratic Cavity
The chest area. Contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels connected to the heart
55
Mediastinum
the space between the lungs
56
Pericardium
what the heart is enclosed in; parental is the outer layer and visceral is the inner layer
57
Pleura
The 2 layers serous membrane over the lungs; parietal is the outer and the visceral is the inner
58
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
59
Right and left hypochondriac region
top right and left
60
Epigastric region
top middle
61
Right and left lumbar region
left and right middle section
62
umbilical region
The middle, middle
63
Right and left Iliac region
Bottom left and right
64
Hypogastric
the bottom middle
65
homeostasis
refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environmental or steady state in response to changing internal or external conditions
66
3 components to homeostasis
receptor, control center, and effector
67
What is step 1 in Homeostasis
Stimulus: Changes in a variable that is regulated Hot: Body temp rises Cold: body temp drops
68
What is step 2 in homeostasis
Receptors: Structure that detects the stimulus Cold: detect cold, hypothalamus detects drop in blood temp Hot: detects heat, hypothalamus detects increase in blood temp
69
What is step 3 in homeostasis
Receptors send input information to the control centre -Hypothalamus compares sensory input to normal set point
70
What is step 4 in homeostasis
Control centre: imitates the change in temp
71
What is step 5 in homeostasis:
Control centre sends output information to an effector
72
What is step 6 in homeostasis
Effector: Structure brings change to stimulus and then it is restored Cold: Blode vessels conserve heat, skeletal muscle produce shivers, hair produces goose bumps Heat: blood vessels dilate to release heat, sweat glands secrete
73
Negative feedback
if a homeostatic system is controlled by negative feedback the resulting action will always be the opposite direction of the stimulus. This way the variable is maintained in the set point. (when you are too hot it will cool you down)
74
positive feedback loop
is continuous in the same direction (do it over and over again) (breast feeding)
75
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell
76
A cytoplasm contains.
Cytoskeleton Cilia Flagella Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex Lysosomes Peroxisomes mitochondria
77
Cytoskeleton
a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization
78
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A membrane bound organelle. An extensive interconnected membrane network that varies in shape. Extends from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane and composes a half of the membrane within cell. (makes and packages) (like an assembly line)
79
Rough ER
-Synthesis of proteins for secretion which then incorporated into digestive enzymes -Modifies proteins to store -help form peroxisomes -Form transport vesicles for shipping of proteins to Golgi apparatus
80
Smooth ER
-site of lipid synthesis -processes carbohydrate synthesis -detoxifies drugs, alcohol, and poisons -Forms transport vesicles for shipping to Golgi apparatus
81
Golgi apparatus
composed of elongated, flattened, membranous sacs. -Forms proteoglycan -Modifies and stores proteins -Synthesises digestive enzymes for lysosomes -forms secretly vesicles for delivering components of the plasma membrane and releasing contents from the cell by exocytosis
82
Lymosomes
small membrane enclosed spherical sacs that contain digestive enzymes that are immersed in acidic fluid -Breaks down molecules that enter cellular components, which causes cellular death
83
Autophagy
The process of Lysomes digesting damaged organelles
84
Autolysis
Rapid digestion of molecule structures
85
2 Nicknames for Lyosomes
-Garbagemen -suicide packet
86
Peroxisomes
engage in lipid synthesis, break down fatty acids, aminos acids and runic acid. When a critical side is reached it breaks into 2. Forms liquids and produces hydrogen peroxide
87
Mitochondria
oblong organelles that are double membraned. This is the power house of the cell it digests fatty acids, and transfers energy to ATP
88
Ribosome
non membrane bound. Contains the protein RNA. HAs A P E sites. Makes things into amino acid chains. They synthesize proteins snf report cells that are housed in lysosomes.
89
Cilia
Hairlike projection that extends from the exposed surface to cells. Lines portions of the respiratory passageway
90
Flagella
helps propel am entire cell. Moves through female reproductive system
91
Nucleus
-Houses DNA molecules that serve as genetic instructions for synthesis of proteins. -Produces ribosomal subunits in nucleolus which are exported into cytoplamsm for assembly into ribosomes

Biology 110 (13 decks)

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