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Biology 110 > Midterm unit 2 > Flashcards

Midterm unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

-Maintains internal conditions of cell
-Communicated with other cells
-Establishes a flexible boundary
-Regulates entry of ion, nutrients, waste
-establishes and maintains charge

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2
Q

Cholesterol

A

maintains fluidity and is scattered within the inner hydrophobic region strenghthens and stabalizes temp

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3
Q

Phospholipids

A

(balloon with 2 tails) a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults

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4
Q

Glycolipid

A

lipids attached ti carbohydrate groups. They extend like sugars, They are insoluble in water and make ut so the plasma membrane will not dissolve when coming in contact with water.

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5
Q

Proteins

A

they make up half the weight, they just float around

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6
Q

Integral protein

A

embedded within and extend completely across the phospholipid bilayer

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7
Q

Peripheral protein

A

they are attached to the surface anchored to the exposed parts

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8
Q

Selective permeability

A

This is what controls what can pass through and what cannot.
-Gas, fat, and soluble molecules pass easily, ions moderately, and large molecules not easily.

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9
Q

Passive transport

A

moving along the membrane with no energy using diffusion or osmosis (high to low)

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10
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of solutes

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11
Q

Simple diffusion

A

No transport protein required. (it squishes through)

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12
Q

Facilitated fusion

A

Requires a carrier protein or channel (opens up a gate)

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13
Q

Osmosis

A

movement of water across semipermeable membrane

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14
Q

Active transport

A

Uses energy either ATP or another source

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15
Q

Primary Active trasport

A

uses ATP

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16
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Energy source from movement of another substance

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17
Q

symporter

A

2 substances moving in the same direction

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18
Q

Antiporter

A

2 substances

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19
Q

Tonicity

A

measure of solution ability to change the volume of cells by altering water content

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20
Q

Hypertonic

A

water is coming out and the cell shrinks

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21
Q

Isotonic

A

water us going out and coming in equally so the cell stays the same

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22
Q

Hypotonic

A

Water is being drawn in so the cell swells

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23
Q

3 tissues

A

Tight Junction, gap junction, desmosomes

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24
Q

Tight Junction tissue

A

Tight junctions form the continuous intercellular barrier between epithelial cells,

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25
Gap junction
Gap junctions are aggregates of intercellular channels that permit direct cell–cell transfer of ions and small molecules.
26
Desmosomes
specialize in highly ordered membrane domains that meditate cell-cell contact and strong adhesive
27
Epithelium
Composition: Tightly packed with minimal extracellular matrix Function: covers body organ surfaces, lines body cavities, and organ cavities, forms glands
28
Squamous shape
flat and wide
29
Cubiodoial shape
as tall as they are wide
30
Columnar shape
Taller then they are wide
31
Simple Epithelium
1 layer
32
Stratified epithelium
multiple layers
33
Pseudostratified
appears to be stratified but actually just haas one layer
34
glandular epithelium
either individual cells or multicellular organs composed of epithelial tissue
35
Endocrine glands
secrete hormones into the blood that act as a chemical messenger
36
Exocrine glands
Maintain connection with the epithel using ducts. Secrete lumen into empty places
37
Duct
and epithelium lined tube through which the glands secretion are discharged into the epithelial surface
38
Connective tissue
Diverse and abundant tissue. Supports protect and binds organs
39
Fibroblasts
produce the fibres and ground substance components of the extracellular matrix (contributes to formation of CT)
40
Adipocytes
(fat cells) appear in small clusters of some CT. Adipose CT
41
Osteocytes
Osteocytes are one of the four kinds of bone cells
42
White blood cells
White blood cells are also called leukocytes. They protect you against illness and disease.
43
Fibers of CT
collagen, elastin, reticular
44
Collagen
Collagen is protein molecules made up of amino acids. It provides structural support to the extracellular space of connective tissues.
45
Elastin
Elastin is a naturally occurring, stable protein in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides resilience and elasticity to vital organs in the human body. As the main component of elastic fibers, it stores energy. This elastin protein also enables connective tissues to recoil
46
Reticular fibres
form branching interwoven framework that is tough and flexible
47
Loose CT
Areolar, Adipose, reticular
48
Areolar CT
most abundant in the body, protects tissue and organs binds skin and provides blood vessels and nerves
49
Where is Areolar CT found
dermis layer, subcutaneous layer, surrounding organs, muscle cells, blood vessel walls
50
Adipose CT
closely packed, edge of cells contains blood vessels. Stores energy , insulates cushions, and protects
51
Where to find Adipose CT
Subcutaneous layer and around organs
52
Reticular CT
Some finer blasts lots of white blood cells , a meshwork of fibres. It provides a supportive framework to lymphatic organs
53
Where to find reticular Ct
Spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow
54
Dense CT
Dense irregular Dense regular Elastic
55
Dense irregular
Fibroblasts between densely packed randomly arranged clumped collagen fibres. They withheld stress applied and are durable
56
Dense irregular are found where
Reticular layer of the dermis, covering skeletal muscle, verse, bones, cartilage and organ capsules
57
Dense regular CT
Fibroblasts squeezed in parallel always of collagen fibres. Attached ti bone as well as muscle bones
58
Dense regular CT is found where
Tendons and ligaments
59
Elastic CT
Limited Fibroblasts densely packed with elastic fibres, allows for stretching and recoiling
60
Elastic CT is found where
walls of elastic arteries
61
Cartilage Ct
Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage
62
Hyaline cartilage
Irregularly arranged chondrocytes with glassy appearance and collagen fibres that are not visible. Provide support for most fetal skeleton
63
Fibrocartilge CT
Large chondrocytes in Lacunae, numerous parallel collagen fibres, ground substance. They are weight barring and act as a shock absorber
64
Fibrocartilge CT are found where
intervertebral discs, pubic synthesis, menisci of knee joint
65
Elastic cartilage
Closely packed chondrocytes. This maintains shape while permitting extensive flexibility
66
Elastic cartilage os found where
External ear, epiglottis of larynx
67
Epithelial membranes
Mucous membranes Serous membranes Cutaneousmembranes Synovial membranes
68
Mucous membrane
lines passageways and compartments that will open to external environment; including digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproduction
69
Serous membranes
lines body cavities typically do not open to external environment. Composed of simple squamous epithelium. to secrete a lubricating fluid, called serous fluid, to prevent internal organs from being rubbed raw.
70
Cutaneous membranes
(the skin) covers the external of the body
71
Synovial membrane
Secretes Synovial fluid and distributes cartilage on the articular surface of the bone

Biology 110 (13 decks)

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