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Histology Exam 2 > Lecture 2: Respiratory > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Where is olfactory epithelium located?

A

the superior aspect (roof) of the nasal cavity

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2
Q

What type of epithelium is olfactory epithelium?

A

pseudostratified columnar

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3
Q

List layers (3) of olfactory epithelium from outer to inner

A

1) Sustentacular (supportive) cells
2) Olfactory cells containing non-motile cilia (9+2)
3) Basal stem cells = neuronal cells with axons

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4
Q

What do non-motile cilia NOT have?

A

dynein arms

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5
Q

What does the larynx consist of?

A
  • Epiglottis
  • False vocal cord
  • True vocal cord
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6
Q

What type of epithelium covers the anterior surface of the epiglottis?

A

stratified squamous

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7
Q

What type of epithelium covers the posterior surface of the epiglottis?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar (aka respiratory epithelium)

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8
Q

The false vocal cord is made up of which type of epithelium?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar

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9
Q

The true vocal cord is composed of which type of epithelium?

A

stratified squamous

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10
Q

Which structures are located in the underlying CT of the larynx?

A
  • Mucous glands = secrete mucous
  • Elastic cartilage = stains dark purple due to elastic fibers
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11
Q

What is the function of cilia in the pharynx?

A
  • Straighten and pushes against the mucus layer as it beats toward the pharynx
  • Bends below the mucous into the thin watery layer on recovery beat
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12
Q

What would happen if cilia is damaged?

A
  • decreased ability to clear mucous out of the respiratory system = leading to build up of mucous
  • damage to epithelium = cells shift and an increase in basal cells replace damaged cells
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13
Q

What does the loss of normal respiratory (ciliated pseudostratified columnar) epithelium lead to?

A

lung diseases, cancer

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14
Q

Where is the trachea located?

A

anterior to esophagus

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15
Q

What composes the posterior wall of the trachea?

A

smooth muscle bridging the gap in the c-shaped cartilages

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16
Q

What type of epithelium covers the trachea?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar

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17
Q

What does cystic fibrous cause?

A
  • Defective Cl- protein = decreased Cl- secretion = increased Na+ absorption which draws water out of mucous = abnormally thick mucous that is difficult to clear out of lungs
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18
Q

What type of epithelium lines bronchi?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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19
Q

What does bronchi contain?

A
  • hyaline cartilage
  • mucous gland
  • smooth muscle
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20
Q

Which respiratory structures are the ONLY structures to have hyaline cartilage?

A

Larynx, bronchi and trachea

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21
Q

What type of epithelium lines the terminal bronchioles?

A

shorter ciliated pseudostratifed columnar epithelium

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21
Q

What type of epithelium lines the respiratory bronchioles?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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22
Q

What type of muscle do bronchioles contain?

A

smooth

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23
Q

Where are Clara cells located?

A

terminal bronchioles

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24
What is the function of Clara cells?
produce lipoprotein that prevents adhesion of the wall in the event of tubular collapse
25
What are the cellular components of the alveolar wall? What are their shapes, functions, and type of epithelium?
* **Type 1 pneumocytes** = squamous = gas exchange * **Type 2 pneumocytes** = cuboidal = make surfactant * **Fibroblasts** = spindle shaped * **Macrophages** = irregularly shaped
26
List the symptoms (5) of asthma?
- inflammation and excess mucous secretion obstruct airways - allergic reaction = IgE binds to mast cell = releases histamines - Vasodilation - Hypersecretion of mucus - Bronchoconstriction
27
What does emphysema cause?
* **Destruction of alveolar walls** = insufficient gas exchange during respiration * **Loss of elastic weakens alveolar wall**= enlarged air spaces
28
What is #1?
Bone
29
What is #2?
Venous Plexus
30
What is #3?
Supportive cells
31
What is #4?
Basal cells
32
What is #5?
Olfactory cells
33
What is #6?
Bowman's glands
34
What is #1?
Supportive cells
35
What is #2?
Olfactory cells
36
What is #3?
Basal cells
37
What is #1?
Pharynx
38
What is #2?
Epithelium (Stratified squamous)
39
What is #3?
Epiglottis
40
What is #4?
Elastic cartilage
41
What is #4?
Elastic cartilage
42
What is #5?
Glands
43
What is #1?
Stratified squamous epithelium
44
What is #2?
Pharynx
45
What is #1?
Seromucous glands
46
What is #2?
False vocal fold
47
What is #3?
Cartilage
48
What is #4?
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
49
What is #5?
True vocal fold
50
What is #1?
Stratified squamous epithelium
51
What is #2?
True vocal fold
52
What is #1? **HIGH Yield**
Lumen
53
What is #2? **HIGH YIELD**
Glands
54
What is #3? **HIGH YIELD**
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
55
What is #4? **HIGH YIELD**
Hyaline cartilage
56
What is #1?
Hyaline cartilage
57
What is #2?
Seromucous glands
58
What is #1?
Cilia
59
What is #2?
Row of Basal bodies
60
What is #3 & #4 (same structure)?
Pseudostratified cilia columnar epithelium
61
What is #5?
Hyaline cartilage
62
What is #6?
Lacunae with chondrocytes
63
What is #1? ## Footnote Low yield
Perichondrium
64
What is #2?
Seromucous glands
65
What is #3?
Lamina propia
66
What is #4?
Epithelium (Pseudostratified Cilia Columnar)
67
What is #1?
Artery
68
What is #2?
Bronchiole
69
What is #3?
Alveolar ducts and alveoli
70
What is #1?
Lumen artery
71
What is #2?
Lumen bronchiole
72
What is #3?
Respiratory epithelium
73
What is #1?
Terminal to respiratory bronchiole
74
What is #2?
Alveoli
75
What is #1?
Alveolar duct
76
What is #2?
Respiratory bronchiole
77
What is #3?
Pulmonary artery
78
What is #4?
Alevoli
79
What is #1?
Alveolar duct
80
What is #2?
Alveoli
81
What is #1?
Alveolar duct
82
What is #2?
Lumen vein
83
What is #3?
Alveoli
84
What is #1? **High Yield**
Type 1 pneumocyte
85
What is #2? **High Yield**
Type 1 pneumocyte
86
What is #3? **High Yield**
Type 2 pneumocyte
87
What is #4? **High Yield**
Macrophage
88
What is #1? **HIGH YIELD**
Type 1 pneumocyte
89
What is #2? **HIGH YIELD**
Capillary
90
What is #3? **HIGH YIELD**
Type 2 pneumocyte
91
What is #1?
Alevoli
92
What is #2?
Capillary
93
What is #3?
Type 2 pneumocyte
94
What is #4?
Type 1 pneumocyte
95
What is #5?
Fibroblast
96
What is #1?
Type 1 pneumocyte
97
What is #2?
Type 2 pneumocyte
98
What is #3?
Alveoli
99
What is #4?
Alveoli
100
As you move toward the respiratory bronchiole the Clara cells _____ in number as the ciliated cells _. **High Yield**
increase, decrease
101
What is the function of type II pneumocyte?
produce surfactant to decrease surface tension which prevents collapse
102
What is the result of hyaline membrane disease? **High Yield**
* Lack of type II pneumocytes (alveolar) = results in decreased production of surfactant needed to prevent alveolar collapse * Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
103
1. Olfactory receptor cells located in the olfactory epithelium are characterized by the presence of the apical modification, non-motile cilia. The cilia is non-motile as a result of which missing motor protein? a. Kinesin b. Dynein c. Myosin d. Actin
b. Dynein
104
2. Identify the cell type: a. Macrophage b. Fibroblast c. Type I pneumocyte d. Type II pneumocyte
d. Type II pneumocyte
105
3. Which of the following is a distinguishing feature between the terminal and respiratory bronchioles? a. Cilia b. Alveoli c. Cuboidal epithelium d. Smooth muscle
b. Alveoli
106
4. Which of the following cell populations is involved in the formation of the blood-air barrier? a. Type I pneumocyte b. Type II pneumocyte c. Goblet cell d. Clara cell
a. Type I pneumocyte
107
5. What is the indicated structure? a. Epiglottis b. Trachea c. True vocal fold d. False vocal fold
c. True vocal fold

Histology Exam 2 (8 decks)

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