Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Block 1: Histology > Lecture 2 (Revised) > Flashcards

Lecture 2 (Revised) Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Every Cell Has?

A

-DNA Replication, DNA Transcription, and RNA Translation
-Plasma membrane (bi-layer)
-Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DNA Replication, DNA Transcription, and RNA Translation results in?

A

Formation of proteins (cell structure + chemical processes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Plasma membrane (bi-layer) consist of?

A

Phospholipids + Proteins + Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organelles?

A

Specialized structures that perform specific functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cell (Plasma) Membrane has?

A

-Phospholipids
-Cholesterol
-Glycoproteins
-Glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Phospholipids consists of?

A

Hydrophilic head + hydrophobic tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does Cholesterol do?

A

Maintains fluidity + increases stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do Glycoproteins do?

A

Provide shape, cell adhesion, signaling + transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do Glycolipids do?

A

Stabilize membrane structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Organelles - Membrane Bound?

A

-Mitochondria
-rER
-sER
-Golgi Apparatus
-Lysosomes
-Endosomes
-Peroxisomes
-Transport Vesicles
-Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mitochondria?

A

ATP Production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rough ER?

A

Protein translation + polypeptide formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Smooth ER?

A

Steroid hormone production + detox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Golgi Apparatus?

A

Protein modification + sorting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lysosomes?

A

Enzymatic break-down of cellular material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endosomes?

A

Transport extracellular material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Peroxisomes?

A

Degrade fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nucleus?

A

Segregate DNA that gets transcribed into RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mitochondria?

A

-Double Membrane
-Stained with Rhodamine 123
-Contains its own genome expressed by DNA/ ribosomes/ tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

More Cristae?

A

More ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does Cristae do?

A

Increases surface area for increased formation of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mitochondria is stained with?

A

Rhodamine 123 (Immunocytochemical stain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

-Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER)?

A

-Has ribosomes attached to it via mRNA
-Ribosomes needed for protein translation –> results in polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER)?
-Does NOT have ribosomes attached to it -Functions in the production of steroid hormones + detoxification --> thus sER found in gonads + liver
26
Golgi Apparatus?
-Composed of a stack of Cisternae -Protein modification + sorting
27
Function of Golgi Apparatus?
-Protein modification + sorting -Transport vesicles bring proteins to the golgi --> modifies them, then sorts/ re-packages them --> transfer vesicles ship proteins out to cell
28
Tay-Sachs?
Lysosomal storage disease
29
Function of Lysosomes?
Release of enzymes to break down cellular material
30
Lysosomes?
-Release of enzymes to break down cellular material -Residual body contains leftover material that couldn't be broken down
31
Endosomes?
-Vesicles formed by endocytosis -Contain material from phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis
32
Function of Peroxisomes?
Degrade fatty acids + toxins
33
Peroxisomes?
-Degrade fatty acids + toxins -Contain oxidases (enzymes needed for oxidation of organics) -Energy release from oxidation is converted into heat (not ATP)
34
Energy release from oxidation is converted into?
Heat
35
Function of Nucleus?
Segregate DNA that gets transcribed into RNA
36
Features of Nucleus?
-Double membrane -Nuclear pores -Euchromatin -Heterochromatin -Nucleolus
37
Nucleolus?
Site of ribosome production
38
Nucleus?
-Segregate DNA that gets transcribed into RNA -Only organelle visible using standard LM
39
Only organelle visible using standard LM?
Nucleus
40
Organelles - Non-Membrane Bound?
-Microtubules -Microfilaments -Intermediate Filaments -Centrioles -Ribosomes
41
Microtubules?
Major part of cytoskeleton
42
Microfilaments?
Part of cytoskeleton
43
Intermediate filaments?
Part of cytoskeleton
44
Centrioles?
Cell division + microtubule organization center (MTOC)
45
Ribosomes?
Protein translation + protein synthesis
46
Microtubules?
-Made up of alpha + beta subunits -Microtubule assembly starts from MTOC
47
Microfilaments?
-Made up of globular g-actin formed into filamentous f-actin -Polymerization into filaments occurs when g-actin is greater than critical concentration
48
(Microfilament) Plus end = ?
Barbed = fast growing end
49
(Microfilament) Minus end = ?
Pointed = slow growing end
50
(Microtubule) Alpha subunits at?
Minus end
51
(Microtubule) Beta subunits at?
Plus end (where growth of microtubule is fastest)
52
Intermediate Filaments?
-Type 1= acidic -Type 2= basic (+ neutral) -Type 3= vimentin-like -Type 4= neurofilaments (axons + dendrites) -Type 5= nuclear lamins (A,B,C) -Type 6= nestin (stem cells of CNS)
53
Cytokeratins found in Epithelium?
-Type 1= acidic -Type 2= basic (+ neutral)
54
Centrosome?
-Made up of 2 centrioles located near nucleus -Nucleation site for the formation of microtubules --> MTOC
55
Function of Centrosome?
Nucleation site for formation of microtubules --> MTOC
56
Function of Molecular Motors?
Move organelles + other structures within a cell
57
3 Major Types of Molecular Motors?
-Kinesin -Dynein -Myosin
58
Kinesin?
-Binds microtubules -Moves anterograde= away from nucleus --> towards the plus end (beta subunit)
59
Dynein?
-Binds microtubules -Move retrograde= to nucleus --> towards minus end (alpha subunit) -Has a role in ciliary + flagellar movement
60
Myosin?
-Binds microfilament (ex. actin) -Moves anterograde= away from nucleus --> towards plus end (barbed end)

Block 1: Histology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions