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Block 1: Histology > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Epithelium?

A

-Exterior= skin
-Interior= body tubes

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2
Q

Mesothelium?

A

Inside body cavities/covering internal organs

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3
Q

Endothelium?

A

Inside vascular and lymphatic systems

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4
Q

Endocardium?

A

Inside Heart

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5
Q

Function of Epithelium?

A

-Secretory tissue of glands and ducts
-Specialized receptors for senses (smell, taste, etc.)

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6
Q

Epithelioid tissue is?

A

Devoid of an apical (free) surface

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7
Q

Basement Membrane?

A

-Basal Lamina
-Made up of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules

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8
Q

Mucosa?

A

-Epithelium + basement membrane + connective tissue (lamina propria)
-Can sometimes include muscle
-Lines digestive, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts

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9
Q

Serosa?

A

-Epithelium (mesothelium) + basement membrane + connective tissue
-Does NOT have muscle
-Lines body cavities

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10
Q

Simple Epithelium?

A

1 layer of cells

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11
Q

Stratified Epithelium?

A

1 or more layers of cells

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12
Q

Squamous?

A

-Flat cells
-Simple squamous
-Stratified squamous

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13
Q

Columnar?

A

-Long/tall cells
-Simple columnar
-Stratified columnar
-Psuedostratified columnar

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14
Q

Cuboidal?

A

-Cube-shaped cells
-Simple cuboidal
-Stratified cuboidal
-Transitional cuboidal

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15
Q

Flat Nucleus?

A

Squamous

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16
Q

Layers of Epithelium?

A

-Mesothelium
-Endothelium
-Endocardium

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17
Q

Characteristics of Epithelium?

A

-Cell junctions
-Basement membrane

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18
Q

Lumen?

A

“An opening”

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19
Q

Locations of Epithelioid Tissue?

A

Endocrine glands, Epithelioreticular cells, Epithelium-derived tumors

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20
Q

Endocrine glands?

A

Adrenal gland, anterior pituitary gland, pancreas

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21
Q

Epithelioreticular cells?

A

In the thymus

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22
Q

Epithelium-derived tumors?

A

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma

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23
Q

Epithelium –> ________ —> _______ ?

A

Basement Membrane (BM); Connective Tissue (CT)

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24
Q

Types of Epithelium?

A

-Simple
-Stratified
-Squamous
-Columnar
-Cuboidal

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25
Simple Squamous?
1 layer of flattened cells
26
Endothelium?
Lines interior of circulatory system
27
Mesothelium?
Lines interior of body cavities; covers organs (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium)
28
Stratified Squamous?
1+ layers of flattened cells
29
Keratinized?
Appear as layers of squamous cells above apical surfaces
30
Simple Columnar?
1 layer of tall cells
31
Simple Columnar is classified as?
Ciliated or Non-ciliated
32
Stratified Squamous is classified as?
Keratinized or Non-Keratinized
33
Sensory function of Simple Columnar?
Eyes (cornea) + inner ear/nose/buccal cavities
34
Secretory function of Simple Columnar?
Digestive (small intestine) + reproductive systems
35
Types of Columnar Epithelium?
-Simple Columnar -Stratified Columnar -Pseudostratified Columnar
36
Types of Squamous Epithelium?
-Simple Squamous -Stratified Squamous
37
Stratified Columnar?
1+ layers of tall cells
38
Stratified Columnar classified as?
Ciliated or Non-Ciliated
39
Secretory function of Stratified Columnar?
Large ducts of exocrine glands
40
Pseudostratified Columnar?
1+ layers of tall cells with some not reaching apical surface
41
Pseudostratified Columnar classified as?
Ciliated or Non-Ciliated
42
Ciliated or Non-Ciliated are for?
All Columnar Epithelium
43
Secretory function of Pseudostratified Columnar?
Respiratory system (ex. mucus)
44
Cuboidal?
Centered nucleus
45
Simple Cuboidal?
-1 Layer of cube-shaped cells -Small ducts of exocrine glands -Germinal epithelium -Kidney Tubules -Thyroid follicles
46
Stratified Cuboidal?
-1+ layers of cube-shaped cells -Large ducts of exocrine glands (ex. sweat glands)
47
Cytoskeleton - Filaments?
-Microtubules -Intermediate Filaments -Microfilaments
48
Cytoskeleton?
Non-membranous organelle structure
49
Apical Modifications?
Modifications made to the apical surface of the epithelium
50
Types of Apical Modifications?
-Microvilli -Stereocilia (9+0) -Cilia (9+2)
51
Microvilli?
-Non-motile Contain actin filaments -Absorption -"Brush Border"
52
Stereocilia?
-Non-motile -Contain actin filaments -Absorption + sensory
53
Cilia?
-Motile -Contain 9 microtubules with dynein arms + center doublet -Found in trachea, bronchi, oviducts, ependyma, sperm
54
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia?
Dysfunctional cilia (or flagella in sperm cells)
55
Kartagener's syndrome?
Structural absence of dyne arms (microtubules)
56
Young's syndrome?
Malformation of dyne arms (microtubules)
57
Hydrocephalus Internus?
Non-motile cilia unable to move CSF out of the ventricles
58
Apical Domain of Epithelial?
-Modifications= microvilli + stereocilia + cilia -Keratin (stratified squamous)
59
Lateral Domain of Epithelial?
-Cell junctions= zonula occludes, zonula adherent, macula adherent, gap junctions
60
Basal Domain of Epithelial?
-Cell junctions= hemidesmosomes, focal adhesions -Basement membrane= ECM molecules
61
Lateral Junction?
Cell to Cell
62
Basal Junction?
Cell to BM
63
3 Types of Lateral Cell Junctions?
-Occluding junctions -Anchoring junctions -Communicating junctions
64
Lateral Domain?
Lateral folds lead to increased surface area in cells transporting fluids + electrolytes
65
Basal Domain?
-Basement membrane= attachment site for epithelial cells -Basal membrane inholdings lead to increased basal surface area in cells involved in active transport
66
2 Types of Basal Cell Junctions?
-Hemidesmosomes -Focal Adhesions
67
Hemidesmosomes ado Focal Adhesions?
Anchor cells to ECM
68
Occluding Junctions?
Primary intercellular diffusion barrier
69
Anchoring Junctions?
Mechanical stability of cells via actin or intermediate filaments
70
Communicating Junctions?
Direct communication between cells by diffusion
71
Adherens and Focal Adhesions deal with?
Actin
72
Clostridium Perfringens?
Attacks zonula occludes by binding to claudin (breaks down tight junctions) (results in food poisoning)
73
Helicobacter Pylori?
Attacks zonula occludes by binding to occludens proteins (proteins= occluding, claudin, JAM) (binds tight junctions but does NOT break them down) (results in injury to protective barrier of stomach)
74
Helicobacter Pylori?
Attacks zonula occludes by binding to occludens proteins (proteins= occluding, claudin, JAM) (binds tight junctions but does NOT break them down) (results in injury to protective barrier of stomach)
75
Basal Lamina?
Basement Membrane = Lamina Densa
76
Attachment site for Epithelial Cells?
Basement Membrane (detected by LM)
77
Basal Lamina?
Includes lamina lucida --> area between BM + cell
78
Anchoring Junctions (cell to ECM)?
-Hemidesmosomes -Focal Adhesions
79
How are glands formed by the Epithelium?
Epithelial cells proliferate downward + penetrate underlying CT
80
Endocrine Gland?
Does NOT contact surface
81
Exocrine Gland?
Does contact surface
82
Mechanisms of Exocrine Gland Secretions?
-Merocrine (sweat) -Apocrine (mammary) -Holocrine (sebaceous)
83
Merocrine?
(Exocrine gland secretion) Sweat; Membrane bound vesicles
84
Apocrine?
(Exocrine gland secretion) Mammary; Surrounded by membrane + cytoplasm
85
Holocene?
(Exocrine gland secretion) Sebaceous; Entire cell breaks open
86
Types of secretion from Exocrine glands?
-Mucosa -Serous -Mixed
87
Types of secretion from Exocrine glands?
-Mucosa -Serous -Mixed
88
Mucous vs. Serous?
-Mucous= viscous, slimy, water-soluble secretion -Serous= non-viscous, watery secretion

Block 1: Histology (9 decks)

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