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Block 1: Histology > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Central Nervous System includes?

A

Brain, Spinal Cord, and Neural Portions of the Eye

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System consists of?

A

Peripheral Nerves, Nerve Endings, and Peripheral Nerve Ganglia

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3
Q

CNS and PNS both include same?

A

2 basic cell types: neurons and glia/supporting cells

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4
Q

Glia are?

A

Supporting cells of the Nervous System

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5
Q

Neuroglia in PNS?

A

-Schwann
-Satellite

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6
Q

Neuroglia in CNS?

A

-Astrocytes
-Oligodendrocytes
-Microglia
-Ependymal cells

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7
Q

Nourish and Protect Neurons?

A

Astrocytes

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8
Q

Immune Cells (Macrophages)?

A

Microglia

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9
Q

Epithelial-like?

A

Ependymal Cells

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10
Q

CAMEO?

A

CNS Cells (Cns, Astrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal cells, Oligodendrocytes)

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11
Q

PSS

A

PNS Cells (Pns, Schwann, Satellite)

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12
Q

(Pseudo) Unipolar Neuron?

A

-Only 1 axon (but looks like 2)
-Sensory ganglia of cranial and spinal nerves

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13
Q

Bipolar Neuron?

A

-2 axons (2 processes)
-Sensory Structures (retina, olfactory epithelium, vestibular and auditory systems)

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14
Q

Multipolar Neuron?

A

-Multiple axons
-Found in cerebral cortex as pyramidal cells
-Found in cerebellar cortex as Purkinje cells

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15
Q

What is the order of the Cerebellar Cortex layers? (top to bottom)

A

-Molecular Layer
-Purkinje Cell Layer
-Granule Cell Layer

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16
Q

Kinesin and Dynein?

A

Axonal Cytoskeleton and Motor Proteins along axon microtubule

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17
Q

Kinesin mediates?

A

Anterograde (away from cell body)

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18
Q

Dynein mediates?

A

Retrograde (towards cell body from terminal end of axon)

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19
Q

Retrograde Transport?

A

Potential entry of harmful substances

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20
Q

Tau Protein?

A

-Stabilization and assembly of microtubule
-Vesicles transport
-Phosphorylation dependent
-Phosphotau and total Tau in CSF as predicting markers

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21
Q

In Alzheimer’s disease we have?

A

Dysfunctional Tau proteins and have nothing to stabilize microtubule and it’ll just break down

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22
Q

Astrocytes can be found in?

A

Grey and White Matter

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23
Q

Oligodendrocytes can be found in?

A

Only White Matter

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24
Q

Function of Astrocytes?

A

1) Nourishment, Maintenance and Protection of Neurons
2) Contribution to BBB
3) Metabolism of Neurotransmitters
4) Reservoir of Glycogen in Brain
5) Index of CNS toxicity

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25
GFAP?
-Marker of astrocyte activation -Type 3 Intermediate Filament
26
Microglia?
-Phagocytic cells, macrophages of CNS -Primary Responders to injury of the Brain -Immune Complexes (MHC II)
27
Microglial cells and Astrocytes?
-Interact -Microglia help to activate Astrocytes
28
Oligodendrocytes?
-In CNS in white matter -Synthesize myelin sheaths -Wrap around axons of several CNS neurons -Insulate axon and enhance speed of conduction
29
Schwann Cells?
-In PNS, form myelin sheaths -Wrap around a single axon
30
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells?
Basically do the exact same thing
31
To get Oligodendrocytes you need?
Progenitor cell and have it in the presence of neurites
32
Myelination of Schwann Cells vs. Oligodendrocytes?
-PNS has overlapping of Schwann Cells -CNS has Astrocyte end foot contacting axon
33
Myelinated and Unmyelinated Neurons in?
PNS
34
Unmyelinated axons are only in?
PNS
35
Multiple Sclerosis?
Microglia (CNS) attack MBP causing myelin to break down to unmyelinated axons
36
MS is a?
Autoimmune inflammatory disorder associated with localized areas of demyelination in white matter of CNS
37
White Matter?
Where axons are in the Brain and Spinal Cord
38
Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP) of PNS?
Most common form of Gullain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)
39
GBS is with?
PNS (Schwann Cells)
40
MS is with?
CNS (Microglia)
41
GBS is caused by?
An autoimmune response directed against Schwann cell membranes (bacterial infection causes molecular mimicry)
42
Blood-Brain Barrier is responsible for?
Separating circulating blood from fluid in the Brain where neurons are
43
Blood-Brain Barrier is formed by?
Endothelial Cells with tight junctions and glial feet processes of Astrocytes
44
Astrocytes participate in formation of the BBB by?
Inducing capillaries to form zonula occludes (tight junctions) limiting diffusion of small molecules
45
Ependymal Cells?
(CNS) -Epithelial-like cells of ependyma, lining the CSF filled ventricles -Involved in absorbing CSF
46
Ependymal Cells have 2 different modifications?
Cilia and Microvilli on the apical surface of the cell and can be modified to produce CSF
47
3 different types of Nerves?
-Cranial -Spinal -Peripheral
48
Pacinian corpuscle?
-Looks like an onion -Krause's end bulb -Deep in Dermis -Present in skin and in CT -Sensitive to Pressure and Vibration
49
Meissner's corpuscle?
-Looks like a "football" type shape -Ruffini's corpuscle -Closer to Epidermis -Skin -Edge Detection
50
Ganglia?
Neuronal cell bodies in PNS
51
Satellite cells surround?
Outer neuron soma surface
52
Satellite cells are considerably?
Smaller than neuronal soma that they surround
53
Cell Bodies (soma) of neurons in PNS are arrange in structures called?
Ganglia
54
Ganglia provide?
-Electrical Insulation and pathway for metabolic exchanges -Similar to Schwann cells but NO myelin production
55
Wallerian Degeneration?
(PNS) -Nerve fiber is cut of crushed -Part of axon separates -Degenerates distal (anterograde) to injury
56
Nogo Protein?
Negative regulator of neuronal growth in CNS
57
CNS has Nogo proteins which?
Impair growth cones
58
PNS lacks?
Nogo proteins
59
Nogo antibodies can?
Enhance axon elongation after spinal cord crush injuries
60
Only see regeneration in?
PNS, because no Nogo proteins

Block 1: Histology (9 decks)

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