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SPEECH A+P EXAM 3 > Lecture 21 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 mandibular depressors?

A

1) anterior belly of digastric
2) mylohyoid
3) geniohyoid
4) lateral pterygoid

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2
Q

What does a mandibular depressor muscle do?

A

Lower the jaw

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3
Q

Of the anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid, the __________ is the most superficial and _______, and the __________ is the deepest and most __________.

A

Anterior belly of digastric; inferior; geniohyoid; superior

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4
Q

The lateral pterygoid is also called the ________ __________

A

External pterygoid

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5
Q

What is the origin(s) of the lateral pterygoid?

A

2 heads:

1) superior head - lateral part of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
2) inferior head - lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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6
Q

What is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Condyle process

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7
Q

What is the function of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Depresses and protrudes the jaw

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8
Q

What are the 3 mandibular elevators?

A

1) masseter
2) temporalis
3) medial pterygoid

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9
Q

Which is the most superficial mandibular elevator?

A

Masseter

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10
Q

The masseter is the _______, most _______ muscle of ____________.

A

Largest; powerful; mastication

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11
Q

What are the 2 layers of the masseter?

A

1) external

2) internal

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12
Q

What is the origin of the masseter?

A

Zygomatic arch

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13
Q

What is the insertion of the masseter?

A

Angle of the mandible, ramus

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14
Q

What are the 2 functions of the masseter?

A

1) help to place maximum force on the molars - chewing

2) contraction elevates/closes the mandible

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15
Q

What muscle is deep to the masseter?

A

Temporalis muscle

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16
Q

The temporalis muscle is ____ and ___-shaped

A

Thin; fan shaped

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17
Q

What are the attachments of the temporalis?

A

Arises from the temporal and parietal bones and inserts at the Coronoid process and ramus

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18
Q

What is the function of the temporalis muscle?

A

Elevate and draw back the mandible

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19
Q

Is the temporalis more important for chewing or speech?

A

Chewing

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20
Q

What is another name for the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Internal pterygoid

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21
Q

What are the attatchments of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

1) medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

2) medial surface of the angel of the mandible

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22
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid?

A

jaw elevator for speech

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23
Q

Why isn’t the medial pterygoid a good muscle for mastication?

A

It’s unilateral contraction cant create rotary motion used for chewing and grinding

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24
Q

Which mandibular elevator is most important for speech?

A

Medial pterygoid muscle

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25
Q

The medial pterygoid is _______, and is ____ to the mandible and the masseter is _______ to it.

A

Internal; deep; lateral

26
Q

What is the biological function of the tongue?

A

Swallowing: shaping the bolus, transporting the bolus to the pharyngeal cavity

27
Q

What are the 5 important parts of the tongue?

A

1) tip
2) blade
3) dorsum
4) root
5) body

28
Q

What are the two sets of tongue muscles?

A

1) intrinsic

2) extrinsic

29
Q

What does it mean that the tongue is a “muscular hydrostat”?

A

Describes the tongue creating hydraulic function/movement without fluid

30
Q

What are the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

1) superior longitudinal
2) inferior longitudinal
3) vertical/verticalis
4) transverse

31
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Tongue shaping

32
Q

How does the superior longitudinal shape the tongue?

A

Pulls the tip up and elevates/shortens/retracts the tongue

33
Q

How does the inferior longitudinal shape the tongue?

A

Shortens/retracts the tongue and tip is tiled downward

34
Q

How does the vertical shape the tongue?

A

Flattens the tongue

35
Q

How does the transverse shape the tongue?

A

Narrows and elongates the tongue

36
Q

How does the superior longitudinal course?

A

Anterior to posterior

37
Q

How does the inferior longitudinal course?

A

Posteriorly and inferiorly from tip

38
Q

How does the vertical course?

A

Superior surface to inferior surface

39
Q

How does the transverse course?

A

Radiating, courses laterally

40
Q

Where is the superior longitudinal located?

A

Superior surface

41
Q

Some of the inferior longitudnals fibers attach to the body of the ______, and is located between/blends with the ___________ and _________

A

Hyoid; genioglossus; hyoglossus

42
Q

Where is the vertical muscle located?

A

Throughout the mass of the tongue body

43
Q

What are the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

1) genioglossus
2) styloglossus
3) hyoglossus
4) palatoglossus

44
Q

What are the attatchments of the genioglossus?

A

O: posterior surface of the mental symphysis
I: tongue tip and root of tongue

45
Q

How do the anterior and the posterior fibers of the genioglossus run?

A

Anterior - course superiorly to tongue tip

Posterior - course inferiorly to body and root of tongue

46
Q

What is the function of the genioglossus?

A

Protrude the tongue

47
Q

What are the attachments of the styloglossus?

A

O: styloid process
I: sides of the tongue root

48
Q

What is the function of the styloglossus?

A

Pull the tongue upward and backward

49
Q

What two extrinsic tongue muscles are antagonistic?

A

Genioglossus and styloglossus

50
Q

What are the attachments of the hyoglossus?

A

O: hyoid
I: side of tongue

51
Q

What is the function of the hyoglossus?

A

Retracts and depresses tongue, may elevated hyoid bone

52
Q

What are the attatchments of the palatoglossus?

A

O: anterior surface of velum
I: side of the tongue

53
Q

What is the function of the palatoglossus?

A

Depresses soft palate and elevates back of tongue

54
Q

Which extrinsic tongue muscle is important for “k” and “g” sounds?

A

Palatoglossus

55
Q

Which extrinsic tongue muscle is important for low vowel sounds?

A

Hyoglossus

56
Q

What are the 2 major ways the tongue movements influcence speech

A

1) tongue shaping

2) tongue positioning

57
Q

Overal positioning and shaping of the tongue are important for _________ and ___________

A

Articulation; resonance

58
Q

What is the name of the structure that extends from the lingual surface of the gum to inferior surface of the tongue?

A

Lingual frenulum

59
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A

Tongue tie

60
Q

What are some (4) points of debate/issue about frenulectomies and their necessity?

A

1) feeding difficulties
2) speech difficulties
3) dentition
4) cosmetic

SPEECH A+P EXAM 3 (8 decks)

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