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SPEECH A+P EXAM 3 > Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five major types of supraglottic muscles?

A

1) pharyngeal
2) velar
3) mandibular
4) tongue
5) facial

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2
Q

What are the three pharyngeal constrictors?

A

1) inferior
2) middle
3) superior

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3
Q

The pharyngeal constrictors ____ out and meet at the _________ _____ ________

A

Fan; pharyngeal raphae posteriorly

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4
Q

Which of the pharyngeal constrictors is the largest?

A

Inferior

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5
Q

The most inferior part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor fibers blend with those of the __________

A

Espohpagus

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6
Q

What is the main muscle that makes up the upper esophageal sphincter?

A

Cricopharyngeus

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7
Q

Which part of the pharyngeal constrictors is in the oropharyngeal region?

A

Middle

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8
Q

Which part of the pharyngeal constrictors is in the velopharyngeal region?

A

Superior

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9
Q

Where is the middle pharyngeal constrictor located in relation to the inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Stacked on top and within the inferior constrictor

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10
Q

Which pharyngeal constrictor is the smallest?

A

Superior

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11
Q

The medial raphe courses up to the ____ of _____ but the _______ _____ don’t. But the space is filled by the _________ ____________ and ______________ _____

A

Base of skull; muscle fibers; pharyngeal aponuerosis and pharyngobasilar fascia

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12
Q

When swallowing, the pharyngeal constrictors contract __________ rather than ___________, this is known as _________ ____

A

Sequentially; simultaneously; peristaltic action

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13
Q

The salpingopharyngeal fold extends _______ from the inferior border of the __________ ____ orafice

A

Inferiorly; Eustachian tube

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14
Q

Where is the salpingopharyngeus located?

A

Sapingopharyngeal fold

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15
Q

What are the two different viewpoints on the salpingopharyngeus?

A

1) weak muscle, often absent, little functional significance

2) superior origin and inferior course are highly variable but always present

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16
Q

The palatopharyngeus is a muscle of the ____ ______

A

Soft palate

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17
Q

If the stylopharyngeus muscle is contracted the ______ can be ________ and further _______

A

Pharynx; elevated; dialated

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18
Q

Stylopharyngeus:
O:
I:
F:

A

O: styloid process of the temporal bone
I: inferior side of the pharynx
F: dilates and elevates the pharynx and larynx during swallow

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19
Q

What is the function of the pharyngeal muscles for speech?

A

Change of shape of the pharynx creates changes in resonance

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20
Q

What is the ridge in the back of the throat, not present in everyone and in who is it more common in?

A

Passvant’s ridge, more common in those with cleft palate

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21
Q

What is the formal name for the back of the throat?

A

Posterior pharyngeal wall

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22
Q

The Eustachian tube connects what two places?

A

1) middle ear cavity

2) nasopharynx

23
Q

How long is the Eustachian tube? (Range)

A

35-38 mm

24
Q

The Eustachian tube courses ________, ________, and ________ from the middle ear

A

Inferiorly, anteriorly, medially

25
Q

What are the two major functions of the Eustachian tube?

A

1) to aerate the middle ear and equalize air pressure

2) drain fluid from the middle ear

26
Q

What are infants more susceptible to the middle ear

A

The horizontal tube is more horizontal in infants

27
Q

What is the primary muscle for lifting the velum?

A

Levators veil palatini

28
Q

Which muscle opens the Eustachian tube?

A

Tensor veil palatini

29
Q

The levators veli palatini arises from the _______ ____ and inserts to the mid-portion of the _____, forming a muscle “_____” with its opposite side

A

Cranial base; velum; sling

30
Q

What is the function of the levator veli palatini?

A

Elevate and retract velum, open the ET

31
Q

What sounds does the levator veli palatini contract on?

A

All non-nasals

32
Q

The tensor veli palatini arises from the _____ portion of the ________ ____ and ______ ______, and converge and end in a ______ that winds around the ________ to help form the _______ __________

A

Upper; pterygoid fossa; Eustachian tube; tendon; hamulus; palatal aponeurosis

33
Q

What are the two parts of the tensor veli palatini?

A

1) dilatator tube

2) tensor veli palatini proper

34
Q

What are the two functions of the tensor veli palatini?

A

1) may tense velum during swallow

2) tensor veli palatini proper

35
Q

What is another name of the uvular muscle?

A

Musculus uvulae

36
Q

Where is the musculus uvulae located?

A

Dorsal surface of the velum

37
Q

What creates the bulge on the posterior part of nasal surfaces of the velum

A

Uvular muscle/musculus uvulae

38
Q

What are the two functions of the uvular muscle?

A

1) stiffness

2) fill the gap

39
Q

Which muscle is the palatoglossus an antagonist to?

A

Levator veli palatini

40
Q

What is the function of the palatoglossus muscle?

A

Depresses the velum

41
Q

Where is the palatoglossus located?

A

Within the anterior faucial pillar

42
Q

What are the two sections of the palatopharyngeus?

A

1) horizontal fibers

2) vertical fibers

43
Q

What are the two functions of the vertical fibers of the palatopharyngeus?

A

1) lowering the velum

2) elevation of larynx

44
Q

What is the function of the horizontal fibers of the palatopharyngeus

A

Sphincter action of lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls pulling them medially and anteriorly

45
Q

What happens to the velum during nasal sounds?

A

Maintained in lowered position

46
Q

What two muscles are activated during nasal sounds?

A

1) palatalglossus

2) palatopharyngeus (vertical fibers)

47
Q

What happened to the velum during oral sounds?

A

Velum elevates and closes off the nasal cavity from the oral cavity below

48
Q

What are the three gestures that need to happen to complete velopharyngeal closure?

A

1) elevate the velum
2) medial movement of the lateral pharyngeal wall
3) anterior movement of the posterior pharyngeal wall

49
Q

In most individuals what is the largest gesture in velopharyngeal closure?

A

Elevation of the velum

50
Q

In children what unique structure helps with velopharyngeal closure?

A

Adenoid pad

51
Q

At what age does the adenoid pad begin to atrophy?

A

12

52
Q

Which part of the articulatory tract is the slowest?

A

Velum

53
Q

Surgery to remove the adenoid pad may result in:

A

Hypernasality

SPEECH A+P EXAM 3 (8 decks)

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