lecture 21 and 22- thyroid and adrenal hormones Flashcards
(42 cards)
what is the chloride-iodide counter-transporter that allows iodide to be transported across apical membrane of cell into follicle
pendrin
what creates thyroxine
DIT + DIT
what creates triiodothyronine
DIT + MIT
what catalyzes the organification of iodine
peroxidase
is T3 or T4 more active
T3
what is the most released thyroid hormone
thyroxine
what do most thyroid hormones entering blood bind to
plasma proteins synthesized in liver
where does TSH come from
anterior pituitary
where does TRH come from
hypothalamus
how does TSH act on follicular cells
via adenylate cyclase-cAMP mechanism
what are the causes of hyperthyroidism
graves disease and adenoma
what is the treatment for hyperthyroidism
surgical removal of most of thyroid gland or treatment with radioactive iodine
what are the causes of hypothyroidism
hashimoto disease, endemic goiter, cretinism
what causes cretinism
extreme early hypothyroidism
what are symptoms of hypothyroidism (besides the opposite of hyper)
myxedema and atherosclerosis
what do thiocyanate ions do
inhibit iodine uptake
what does propylthiouracil do
inhibits peroxidase
what do iodides do
decrease thyroid activity when present in very high concentrations
what does the medulla of the adrenal gland secrete
epinephrine and norepinephrine
what is the medulla of the adrenal gland functional related to
sympathetic nervous system (backup for it)
what does the cortex secrete
corticosteroids
what increases the number of LDL receptors
ACTH
where is cholesterol converted to pregnenolone
in mitochondria
what is the enzyme needed for conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone
cholesterol desmolase
