lecture 24-ANS

Question 1

where are the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons located

Answer 1

within CNS

Question 2

what is the neurotransmitter for preganglionic neurons in ANS

Answer 2

Ach

Question 3

where are cell bodies for postganglionic neurons located

Answer 3

in peripheral ganglia

Question 4

what is the neurotransmitter for postganglionic neurons

Answer 4

Ach in para; norepinephrine in sym.

Question 5

what part of the spinal cord are sympathetic preganglionic neurons associated with

Answer 5

T1-L2

Question 6

what type of fibers are postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Answer 6

type C

Question 7

what do postganglionic sympathetic fibers control

Answer 7

blood vessels, sweat glands, piloerector muscles

Question 8

where does the thoracic sympathetic chain lie

Answer 8

against neck of ribs and costovertebral junctions

Question 9

what are the 12 thoracic ganglia pairs referred to as collectively

Answer 9

stellate ganglion

Question 10

how do preganglionic sympathetics exist the thoracic sympathetic chain

Answer 10

as direct fibers

Question 11

what are the functions of the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

Answer 11

coronary artery dilation, increase heart rate, bronchodilation

Question 12

where do splanchnic nerves synapse

Answer 12

prevertebral ganglia

Question 13

where do greater splanchnic nerves synapse and what part of the spinal cord are they

Answer 13

T5-T9 and synapse in celiac ganglion

Question 14

where do lesser splanchnic nerves synapse and what part of the spinal cord are they

Answer 14

T10-T11 and synapse in superior mesenteric ganglion

Question 15

where do least splanchnic nerves synapse and what part of the spinal cord are they

Answer 15

T12 and synapses in aorticorenal ganglion

Question 16

what system is the adrenal medulla stimulated by

Answer 16

sympathetic system

Question 17

what does the adrenal medulla secrete

Answer 17

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 18

when does alarm or stress response occur

Answer 18

when there is a mass discharge of the entire sympathetic system (fright, fear, severe pain)

Question 19

where are the majority of parasympathetic fibers located

Answer 19

in vagus nerve (CN 10)

Question 20

what do postganglionic parasympathetic fibers use as a neurotransmitter

Answer 20

Ach

Question 21

what cranial nerves carry parasympathetic signals

Answer 21

oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

Question 22

what is the function of the oculomotor nerve

Answer 22

supplies 4 of 6 extrinsic muscles of the eye and the legator palpebrae superioris

Question 23

what is the preganglionic function of CN III

Answer 23

from edinger-westphal nucleus to ciliary ganglion

Question 24

what is the postganglionic function of CN III

Answer 24

from ciliary ganglion to sphincter pupillae muscle

Question 25

what is the function of the facial nerve

Answer 25

primary motor nerve to muscles of facial expression. carries sensation of taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 26

what is the preganglionic function of CN 7

Answer 26

from superior salivatory and lacrimal nuclei to submandibular/sublingual ganglia

Question 27

what is the postganglionic function of CN 7

Answer 27

to lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland, and mucous glands of mouth and nose

Question 28

what is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 28

carries general sensation and sensation of taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 29

what is the postganglionic function of CN 9

Answer 29

to parotid gland

Question 30

what is the preganglionic function of CN 9

Answer 30

from inferior salivatory nucleus to otic ganglion

Question 31

what is the function of the vagus nerve

Answer 31

motor supply to muscles of 4th and 5th pharyngeal arches and is important in swallowing and speaking

Question 32

what is the preganglionic function of CN 10

Answer 32

from dorsal motor nucleus

Question 33

what is the postganglionic function of CN 10

Answer 33

myenteric plexus of wall of gut tube all the way to the left colic flexure

Question 34

what does the vagus nerve run parallel to

Answer 34

esophagus

Question 35

describe the left recurrent laryngeal nerve from the left vagus route

Answer 35

hooks around arc of aorta to left ligamentum arteriosum

Question 36

describe the right recurrent laryngeal nerve from right vagus route

Answer 36

arises in neck, not thorax

Question 37

what enzyme is needed to convert acetyl-CoA + choline to acetylcholine

Answer 37

choline acetyl-transferase

Question 38

what enzyme is needed to convert acetylcholine to choline and acetate ion

Answer 38

acetylcholinesterase

Question 39

what amino acid is the precursor of norepinephrine

Answer 39

tyrosine

Question 40

how is norepinephrine converted to epinephrine

Answer 40

methylation

Question 41

what can destroy nerepinephrine

Answer 41

monamine oxidase and COMT

Question 42

where is monamine oxidase found

Answer 42

in nerve endings

Question 43

where are muscarinic receptors found

Answer 43

on all effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic neurons

Question 44

where are nicotinic receptors found

Answer 44

in autonomic ganglia at synapses between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

Question 45

what alpha receptor is involved in the inhibition of neurotransmitter release

Answer 45

alpha2

Question 46

what does beta1 do

Answer 46

cardioacceleration, increased myocardial strength, lipolysis

Question 47

what does beta2 do

Answer 47

vasodilation, intestinal and uterus relaxation, bronchodilation, calorigenesis, glycogenolysis, bladder wall relaxiation

Question 48

what is beta3 involved in

Answer 48

thermogenesis

Question 49

what does reserpine do

Answer 49

blocks synthesis and storage of norepinephrine

Question 50

what does guanethidine

Answer 50

blocks release of norepinephrine

Question 51

what does phenoxybenzamine/phentolamine do

Answer 51

blocks sympathetic alpha receptors

Question 52

what does propranolol do

Answer 52

blocks sympathetic beta1 and beta2 receptors

Question 53

what does metoprolol do

Answer 53

blocks most sympathetic beta1 receptors

Question 54

what does hexamethonium do

Answer 54

blocks transmission through autonomic ganglia

Question 55

what does inhibit acetylcholinesterase

Answer 55

neostigmine, pyridostigmine, ambenonium

Question 56

what drugs block cholinergic activity

Answer 56

atropine, homatropine, scopolamine

Question 57

what is the effect of sympathetics and parasym on the eye

Answer 57

sym: pupil dilation. para: pupil constriction and lens focusing

Question 58

what are the glands of the lower GI tract mostly stimulated by

Answer 58

enteric system

Question 59

how does the sympathetic system effect arterial pressure

Answer 59

results in acute increase in arterial pressure but little effect long term

Question 60

how does the parasympathetic system effect arterial pressure

Answer 60

decreases pumping of heart but little effect on blood pressure

Question 61

how does sympathetic and parasympathetic generally effect endodermal structures

Answer 61

sym inhibits and parasym excites