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Anatomy Exam 4 > Lecture 22: Blood and Lymph > Flashcards

Lecture 22: Blood and Lymph Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers of blood vessels

A
  1. tunica interna - thin endothelium
  2. tunica media - smooth muscle
  3. tunica externa - CT sheath around outside of vessel
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2
Q

3 types of blood vessels

A

arteries
veins
lymphatics

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3
Q

arteries =
1. appearance:
2: tunica interna: internal __ membrane
3. tunica media: __ muscle layer
4. tunica externa: __ and ___

A

carry blood away from the heart to the tissues
1. round, thick walls aka garden hose
2. elastic
3. thick
4. collagen and elastic fibers

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4
Q

veins =
1. appearance:
2. tunica interna: __ walls, no __ membrane
3. tunica media: __ muscle layer
4. tunica externa: __ and few ___

A

return blood to the heart from the tissues
1. not always round, thin walls aka sock
2. smooth, elastic
3. thin
4. collagen and FEW elastic fibers

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5
Q

lymphatics =
1. very __ walled vesseled with __ valves

A

return lymph (interstitial fluid) to the heart
1. thin, small

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6
Q

where is the blood?
1. __% - heart & lungs
2. __% - brain, arteries, capillaries
3. __% - skin, gut, liver, veins

A
  1. 15%
  2. 20%
  3. 65%
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7
Q

vasoconstriction of a vessel =

A

decrease in diameter

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8
Q

vasodilation of a vessel =

A

increase in diameter

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9
Q

fight/flight response (___)
1. dilation of capillary beds in ___
2. restriction of blood supply to __

A

sympathetic
1. muscles
2. gut

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10
Q

rest/digest response (___)
1. redistribute blood to ___ (increase __ absorption)
2. dilation of capillary beds in __ (increase delivery of __)

A

parasympathetic
1. gut, food
2. gut, blood

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11
Q
  1. arteries lead __ from the heart
  2. arteries branch into __ and __ arteries
  3. veins lead __ the heart
  4. veins combine into __ and __ veins
A
  1. AWAY
  2. smaller and smaller
  3. TOWARD
  4. larger and larger
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12
Q

anastomotic fluke =

A

2 arteries running into one another

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13
Q

collateral circulation =

A

blood flow running parallel to one another

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14
Q

arteriosclerosis =

A

abnormal thickening/ rigidity of arteries

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15
Q

aneurysm =

A

bulge in weakened arterial wall

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16
Q

embolus =

A

drifting clot in the circulation

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17
Q

embolism =

A

blockage due to the clot

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18
Q

ischemia =

A

restricted blood supply to an organ

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19
Q

infarction =

A

localized cell death in an organ

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20
Q

cerebrovascular accident =

A

stroke

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21
Q

median cubital

A

where we draw blood from
superficial vein

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22
Q

___ veins help cool the body because they have more blood in them

A

superficial

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23
Q

varicose veins =

A

veins swollen/distorted by valve failure

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24
Q

hemorrhoids =

A

varicose veins of the rectum and anus

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24
Q

hemorrhoids =

A

varicose veins of the rectum and anus

25
Q

circulation of the head: arterial supply
1. skin and muscles supplied by ____

  1. brain tissue supplied by branches of:
    a. ____ (via ___) –> supply brain with blood
    b. ___ (via __) –> supply brain with blood
  2. all branches held in place by the ___
A
  1. external carotid artery

2a. internal carotid artery (via carotid canal)
2b. vertebral artery (via foramen magnum)

  1. arachnoid
26
Q

arterial circle aka ___
1. anastomotic ring that encircles ___
2. formed by: ___ and ___ artery
3. distribution hub for the arterial supply to ___

A

Circle of Willis
1. pituitary gland
2. internal carotid artery & basilar artery
3. brain

27
Q

blood brain barrier:
1. ___ (neuroglia) and endothelial cells
a. restricted ___
b. control ___ exchange between brain and blood

A
  1. astrocytes
    a. permeability
    b. chemical
28
Q

exceptions to blood brain barrier:
1. capillaries of the ___
a. permeable: secretion of __

  1. capillaries in the __ and ___
    a. permeable: secretion of __ into circulation
A
  1. choroid plexus
    a. CSF
  2. hypothalamus and epithalamus
    a. hormones
29
Q

most dural sinuses drain to the ___

A

internal jugular veins

30
Q

blood from brain stem drains to __

A

vertebral veins

31
Q

scalp, skin, muscles drain to __

A

external jugular vein

32
Q

vertebral + jugular + subclavian v.s. =

A

brachiocephalic vein

33
Q

arterial supply to gut

A

celiac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery

34
Q

celiac trunk:
1. hepatic artery > __
2. left gastric artery > ___
3. splenic artery > __, 1/2 of __

A
  1. liver
  2. stomach
  3. spleen, pancreas
35
Q

superior mesenteric artery (3 branches)
1. intestinal artery > 1/2 __, all of ___, ___
2. right colic artery > ___
3. middle colic > ___

A
  1. pancreas, all of small intestine, appendix
  2. ascending colon
  3. transverse colon
36
Q

inferior mesenteric artery (3 branches)
1. left colic artery > ___
2. sigmoidal artery > ___
3. rectal artery > ___

A
  1. descending colon
  2. sigmoid colon
  3. rectum
37
Q

___ filters/modifies substances in the blood

A

liver

38
Q

liver is drained by ___ to ___

A

hepatic vein to inferior vena cava

39
Q

everything in your GI tract goes back to __ via the ___

A

liver, via hepatic portal system

40
Q

the hepatic vein = __ + ___

A

superior mesenteric vein + splenic vein

41
Q

common hepatic artery comes off __

A

celiac trunk

42
Q

fetal circulation:
1. ductus venous = __ in adult
2. foramen ovale = __ in adult
3. ductus arteriosus = __ in adult

A
  1. ligamentum venosum
  2. fossa ovalis
  3. ligamentum arteriosum
43
Q

umbilical arteries are carrying __ blood

A

venous

44
Q

unique features: fetal systemic circulation
1. blood from __ > __ > ___
2. placenta exchanges __, __, ___
3. umbilical vein returns ___ blood to body
4. ductus venous > ___

A
  1. internal iliac > umbilical > placenta
  2. gases, nutrients, waste
  3. oxygenated
  4. inferior vena cava
45
Q

circulatory changes at birth
1. loss of __ arteries, veins, and ___
2. ductus arteriosus __
3. neonate inhales/expands lungs, ____ circuit starts
4. blood flows into __ = ___ closes

A
  1. umbilical, ductus venosus
  2. closes
  3. pulmonary
  4. left atrium, foramen ovale
46
Q

functions of the lymphatic system

A

return interstitial fluid from tissues to the blood
maintain osmotic balance in peripheral tissues
production, maintenance, distribution of lymphocytes

47
Q

lymphopoiesis =

A

production of lymphocytes

48
Q

do adults have a thymus?

A

no

49
Q

lymphoid organs:

A

tonsils, spleen, GALT (gut assisted lymphatic tissue), thymus

50
Q

what is the largest lymphatic organ

A

spleen

51
Q

hilum (hilus) =

A

an opening that has something that comes in and out at the same area

52
Q

right lymphatic duct drains:

A

right arm, shoulder, and head

53
Q

left lymphatic duct drains:

A

everything the right doesnt

54
Q

right and left lymphatic ducts return lymph to __

A

right and left subclavian veins

55
Q

edema =

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in peripheral tissues

56
Q

3 types of tonsils (5 technically)

A
  • pharyngeal (adenoids)
  • palatine (2) (these get removed)
  • lingual (paired at base but comes to 1)
57
Q

tonsillectomy =

A

surgical removal of (typically palatine) tonsils

58
Q

adenoidectomy =

A

surgical removal of pharyngeal tonsils

59
Q

spleen:
1. removes abnormal __
2. stores __ from recycled RBCs
3. initiate immune responses by __ and __ cells

A
  1. RBC/WBC
  2. iron
  3. B and T
60
Q

the thymus is responsible for …

A

children developing their immunity
adults don’t need it because they already have an immunity

61
Q

GALT =
1. immune response within __

A

gut associated lymphoid tissue
1. GI tract

Anatomy Exam 4 (7 decks)

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