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Anatomy Exam 4 > Lecture 23: Repsiratory System > Flashcards

Lecture 23: Repsiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

diffusion of blood gases requires?

A

thin walls
moist surfaces
rich blood supply

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2
Q

upper respiratory tract = outside the __
1. nasal cavity and ___ sinuses
2. __ and ___

A

thorax
1. paranasal
2. larynx and pharynx

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3
Q

lower respiratory tract = within the __
1. trachea, ___, bronchial tree, and __ cavity

A

thorax
1. bronchi, pleural

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4
Q

anterior opening in the nose =
bone =

A

nostril
bone = external nares

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5
Q

vestibule =

A

the openings of your nose

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6
Q

nasal septum:
1. anterior septum formed by __
2. posterior septum =

A
  1. hyaline cartilage
  2. vomer, ethmoid bone
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7
Q

nasolacrimal ducts do what

A

carry tears from lacrimal sacs

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8
Q

paranasal sinuses drain via

A

paranasal ducts

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9
Q

are all paranasal ducts connected?

A

yes

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10
Q

all ducts/sinuses are line with a __ membrane

A

mucous

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11
Q

posterior opening in the nose =

A

internal nares

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12
Q

primary purpose of nasal cavity

A

warm and humidify incoming air

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13
Q

epithelia of nasal cavity:
1. nasal vestibules lined with
a. __ glands and ___ glands
b. __ helps filter inspired air

  1. ___ epithelium = upper 1/3 nasal passages
  2. ___ epithelium = lower 2/3 nasal cavity
A

1a. sebaceous and sweat
1b. hair

  1. olfactory
  2. respiratory
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14
Q

respiratory epithelium:
1. __ membrane
2. aka ___
3. __ sweep particles to mouth

A
  1. mucous
  2. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
  3. cilia
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15
Q

what areas are part of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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16
Q

nasopharynx:
1. space above __, posterior to ___
2. ___ connect nasopharynx with ___
3. __ tonsils on posterior wall
4. ___ palate serves as a flap valve btw nasal cavity and pharynx

A
  1. soft palate, nasal cavity
  2. auditory tubes, middle ear
  3. pharyngeal
  4. soft
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17
Q

oropharynx:
1. space below ___ and above __
2. __ tonsils located in lateral walls
3. __ tonsils located at base of tongue

A
  1. soft palate, hyoid
  2. palatine
  3. lingual

the space you can see when you open your mouth in the mirror

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18
Q

laryngopharynx:
1. space between __ and ___
2. ___ problems
3. intrinsic ___ hazards

A
  1. hyoid and glottis
  2. developmental
  3. choking
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19
Q

larynx: aka__
1. cylinder - reinforced with __
2. suspended below __ bone
3. surrounds and protects the __ + ___
4. vocal cords vibrate to produce ___
5. epiglottis - ___ cover

A

voice box
1. cartilage
2. hyoid
3. glottis and trachea
4. sound
5. protective

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20
Q

arytenoid is for what

A

anchor for vocal ligaments

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21
Q

corniculate is for what

A

anchor for vestibular ligaments

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22
Q

cuneiform is for what

A

stabilize epiglottis from below

23
Q

laryngeal ligaments

A

True and false vocal cord

false over true

false has vestibular ligament and vestibular fold (fold on top)

true has vocal ligament and vocal fold (fold on top)

24
Q

epiglottis:
1. covers the __
2. “valve” that diverts food to ___

A
  1. glottis
  2. esophagus
25
space between the true and false vocal cord is the
glottis
26
tensions and spacing of cords =
sound pitch and volume
27
what is between the trachea rings
annular ligaments
28
the trachea is lined with __ epithelium
respiratory
29
trachea divides into what
right and left primary bronchi
30
spot where trachea splits into right and left is the
carina
31
tracheostomy =
surgical opening in trachea to allow passage of air
32
bronchial tree order:
trachea > right and left primary bronchi > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > bronchioles > respiratory bronchioles > alveoli
33
how many secondary bronchi does each lung have
right has 3 left has 2
34
bronchodilation (___ diameter) - ___ ANS
increase sympathetic
35
bronchoconstriction (___ diameter) - ___ ANS
decrease parasympathetic
36
alveoli is the site of
gas exchange
37
alveoli has a blind pocket of ___ epithelium
simple squamous
38
septal cells (in alveolus) produce ___
surfactant
39
surfactant reduces ___ in alveoli (allows them to not stick together)
surface tension
40
infant respiratory distress syndrome: 1. premature babies don't produce enough __ 2. alveolar walls stick together = 3. insufficient respiratory surface =
1. surfactant 2. alveolar collapse 3. blue baby
41
lobes in lungs
3 on right 2 on left (because your heart sits on that side giving a cardiac impression)
42
pleural cavities
mediastinum visceral pleura parietal pleura pleural cavity serous fluid
43
mediastinum is where
central partition of thoracic cavity
44
visceral pleura =
serous membrane on lung surface
45
parietal pleura =
serous membrane lining pleural cavity
46
pleural cavity =
potential space
47
serous fluid =
surface tension holds pleura together
48
pneumothorax = 1. air enters ___ 2. ___ can no longer maintain pleural contact 3. lungs ___
air in the thorax 1. pleural cavity 2. serous fluid 3. collapse
49
pleural adhesions form between
visceral and parietal layers
50
emphysema =
destruction of alveoli
51
pulmonary embolism =
blood clot in lungs
52
major events in inspiration: 1. diaphragm ___ 2. forced ___ - several muscles raise rib cage 3. pressure ___
1. contracts 2. inspiration 3. decreases
53
major events in expiration: 1. normal expiration is ___ 2. forced ___ a. abdominal walls compress ___
1. passive (does not require energy) 2. expiration a. gut
54
control of breathing: 1. respiratory centers: __ + ___ 2. mechanoreceptors: __ + ___ 3. chemoreceptors: ___ + ___ + ___ 4. cough =
1. pons + medulla oblongata 2. lung volume + blood pressure 3. CO2 and O2 and blood pH 4. reflex to protect respiratory tract

Anatomy Exam 4 (7 decks)

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