Lecture 25: Urinary System

Question 1

retroperitoneal =

Answer 1

organs not suspended by mesentery

Question 1

retroperitoneal =

Answer 1

organs not suspended by mesentery

Question 2

homeostatic functions of kidneys:
1. correct balance of __, __, __, __ ions
2. assists in __ balance
3. regulates ___ by adjusting ___ volume

Answer 2

1. Na, K, Cl, Ca
2. pH
3. blood pressure, blood

Question 3

kidneys retain __ nutrients

Answer 3

valuable

Question 4

kidneys excrete ___ wastes
examples

Answer 4

nitrogenous
(ex. urea, uric acid), toxins and drugs

Question 5

filtrate (___) from kidneys passes to:
1. ___ for transfer down into ___
2. ___ retains urine until it is desirable to urinate
3. urine passes through body wall via the ___

Answer 5

urine
1. ureters
2. bladder
3. urethra

Question 6

paired organs (___)
1. located posterior wall of ___ cavity
2. kidneys surrounded by ___
3. kidneys surrounded layer of ____

Answer 6

kidneys
1. abdominal
2. renal capsule
3. adipose tissue

Question 7

outer most layer of kidney

Answer 7

renal cortex

Question 8

inner most layer of kidney =

Answer 8

renal medulla

Question 9

what makes up the renal pelvis

Answer 9

minor calyces > major calyces > renal pelvis

Question 10

renal pelvis tapers to form the ___

Answer 10

ureter

Question 11

ureters drain urine to ___

Answer 11

urinary bladder

Question 12

renal hilus
1. entrance for ___ and ___ nerves
2. exit for ___, ___ vessels, ___

Answer 12

1. arteries and ANS
2. veins, lymphatic vessels, ureter

Question 13

renal sinus =

Answer 13

fat filled depression around hilus

Question 14

kidneys are “____” (lobes)
1. renal ___ + renal ___ + ___ calyx

Answer 14

segmented
1. pyramid, papilla, minor

Question 15

“segments” (lobes) separated by renal ___
1. composed of ___ tissue
2. path for renal a/vs from __ to ___

Answer 15

columns
1. cortical
2. hilus to cortex

Question 16

renal blood vessels:
1. renal artery (___ aorta)
a. segmental arteries > ___ arteriole
b. glomerular capillaries = ___

2. glomerulus drained by…
   a. ___ arteriole
   b. filtrate passes to peritubular ___
   c. this portal system reclaims H2O from ___
3. kidney drained by…
   a. peritubular capillaries ultimately drain to renal ___
   b. renal veins > ___ > heart

Answer 16

1. abdominal
   a. afferent
   b. glomerulus

2a. efferent
2b. capillaries
2c. loop of Henle

3a. veins
3b. inferior vena cava

Question 17

what is the functional unit of the kidney

Answer 17

nephron

Question 18

renal corpuscle consists of:
1. ___ capsule
2. ___ arteriole (oncoming blood from renal artery)
3. ___ arteriole (outgoing blood)
4. glomerular capillary bed (____)

Answer 18

1. glomerular
2. afferent
3. efferent
4. glomerulus

Question 19

what cells cover the glomerulus

Answer 19

podocytes

Question 20

podocytes are critical to ___ function

Answer 20

nephron

Question 21

proximal convoluted tubule:
1. collects filtrate from ___ space
2. reclamation of some water, all ___ nutrient

Answer 21

1. capsular
2. organic

Question 22

loop of Henle
1. loop travels down to ___ > back to ___
2. reclamation of __, ___, ___

Answer 22

1. medulla, cortex
2. sodium, chloride, water

Question 23

distal convoluted tubule:
1. secretion of __ and __

Answer 23

drugs and toxins

Question 24

collecting duct: 1. gathers the filtrate from many ___ 2. further reclamation of ___ 3. collecting ducts combine to form renal ___

Answer 24

1.distal convoluted tubule 2. water 3. papilla

Question 25

urine from papilla > ___ > renal pelvis > ___

Answer 25

calyces, ureter

Question 26

what transfer urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder

Answer 26

ureters

Question 27

ureters are in a ___ location

Answer 27

retroperitoneal

Question 28

what muscle composes the bladder

Answer 28

detrusor muscle

Question 29

shape/location of bladder varies with volume of what

Answer 29

urine

Question 30

urinary bladder retroperitoneal location =

Answer 30

posterior to pubic symphysis - anterior to rectum = males - anterior to uterus = females

Question 31

what is the trigone composed of?

Answer 31

a triangle in the bladder composed of 2 ureteral openings and 1 urethral opening

Question 32

urethra drains through the floor of the bladder aka

Answer 32

internal urethral sphincter

Question 33

1. urethra transfers urine from the __ to outside the __ 2. passes through pelvic diaphragm aka __

Answer 33

1. bladder, body 2. external urethral sphincter

Question 34

what are the 3 regions of the urethra in males

Answer 34

prostatic (passes through prostate gland) membranous (ext. urethral sphincter) penile (corpus spongiosum)

Question 35

urethra is relatively __ in females 1. ___ more readily colonize bladder, ureters, kidneys = __

Answer 35

short 1. bacteria = UTI = urinary tract infection

Question 36

urogenital system =

Answer 36

urinary + reproductive system

Question 37

urine is __-__% water, clear-yellow, sterile, pH ___

Answer 37

93-97%, 4.5-8

Question 38

urinalysis =

Answer 38

physical and chemical assessment of urine

Question 39

pyelogram =

Answer 39

X-ray image of kidneys

Question 40

nephrolithiasis =

Answer 40

renal calculi (kidney stones) - Ca/Mg salts, uric acid crystals > blockage of ureters

Question 41

diuretics =

Answer 41

drugs that promote fluid loss in the urine

Question 42

hematuria =

Answer 42

blood loss in urine

Question 43

proteinuria =

Answer 43

protein loss in urine

Question 44

dysuria =

Answer 44

painful urination