Lecture 29 (16-7-14)

Question 1

What are the parts of the tibia?

Answer 1

• Weight bearing
• medial condyle
• lateral condyle
  
  • proximal tibfib joint
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digirotum longus
• tibial tuberosity
  
  • petellar ligament/tendon (i)
• anterior crest (“shin”)
• interosseous border
  
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallicus longus
  • tibalis posterior
• medial malleolus
• soleal line
  
  • solues
• intercondylar eminence
• Tibial platue
• lateral part- tibialis anterior

Question 2

What are the parts of the fibula?

Answer 2

• Non-weight bearing
• Head of fibula
  
  • biceps femorus (Insetrion)
  • fibularis longus
  • proximal tibfib joint
• neck of fibula
• lateral malleolus

muscles

• soleus
• externsor hallicul longus
• extensor digitorum longus
• fibularis brexis
• flexor digitorum longus
• tibialis posterior

Question 3

What are the parts of the tibiofibular joints?

Answer 3

• Superior (proximal tibiofibular joint)
  
  • ​plane synovial
  • articulation- head of fibular–> lateral tibial condylear
  • ligaments ant and post. superior tibiofibular lige
• Interosseous membrane
  
  • ​intermediante tibifib joint
  • syndesmosis joint
• inferior (distal) tibiofibular joint
  
  • ​continuation of innerossesour membrane
  • syndesmosis fibrous joint
  • anterior and posterior inferior tibial fibular ligaments
  • inferior transverse lighametn( helps stabalize between disal tibia and fibula

Question 4

What are the fasciae and retinacula of the ankle

Answer 4

• Superior and inferior retinacula
  
  • ​hold down anterior leg (extenor) tendons
  • inverters
• superior and inferior fibular retinacula
  
  • ​lateral
  • hold down lateral leg tendons
  • evertors
• flexor retinaculum
  
  • ​hold down deep posterior leg muscles
  • flexors

Question 5

What is the fascial compartments of the leg?

Answer 5

• Anterior: Anterior intermuscular septum
• Lateral: Posterior intermuscular septum
• Posterior:
  
  • ​Superior: Transverse intermuscular septum
  • Deep: interosseois membrane

Question 6

What are the cutaneous nerves of the leg?

Answer 6

Sural n F/ common fib and tibular

saphenous n (f/ fibular)

superficial fibular n (from common fibular)

Question 7

What is the innervation of the leg?

Answer 7

• Lateral leg
  
  • ​​​​superfical fubular (L5-S2)
• common fibular n (L5-S2)
• Anterior leg
  
  • ​Deep fibular (L4-S1)
• Posterior Leg
  
  • Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)

Question 8

What are the arteries of the leg?

Answer 8

From popliteal a.

• Anterior leg anterior tibial
• Lateral leg fibular (peroneal) a.
• Posterior leg posteior tibial a

Question 9

1. What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg.
2. What actions do they do?
3. What is the nerve supply?

Answer 9

1. muscles
   
   • Extensory digitorum longus
   • Extensor halliculs longus
   • Tibialis anterior
   • Fibulars Tertius
2. dorsiflexors (extensors) and inverter of the foot
3. deep fibular n (L4-S1)

Question 10

1. What is this muscle? (second from the left)
2. What is its insertion and orgin
3. What is its innervation?
4. What is its action?

Answer 10

1. tibialis anterior
2. lateral tib condyle, lat tibia, im–> medial cuneiform, base of 1st metarsal
3. deep fibular nerve
4. dorsiflexes and inverts foot

over use can cause shin splints

Question 11

1. What is this muscle?
2. What is its insertion and orgin
3. What is its innervation?
4. What is its action?

Answer 11

1. Extensor digitorum longus
2. lateral tibia condly, fibula, IM–> extensor expansion of digits 2-5
3. deep fibular (L4-S1)
4. Dorsiflex foot, extend 2-5

Question 12

1. What is this muscle?
2. What is its insertion and orgin
3. What is its innervation?
4. What is its action?

Answer 12

1. Extensor hallicous longus
2. anterior fibular, im–> distal phalenx of great toes
3. deep femoral
4. dorsi flex, extend great toe

Question 13

Fibularis tertius

1. What is its insertion and orgin
2. What is its innervation?
3. What is its action?

Answer 13

1. fibula, im–> 5th metatarsal
2. deep fibular (L4-S1)
3. dorsiflexes everts the foot

Question 14

What are shin spints and why do they happen?

Answer 14

over work tibialis anterior–> and it pulls on the bone–> micro trauma

mild for of anterior compartment syndrome

strain

Question 15

1. What are the muscles of the lateral leg?
2. What do they do?
3. What is the nerve supply?

Answer 15

1. fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
2. Everters of the foot
3. superficial fibular (L5-S2)

Question 16

1. What is this muscle?
2. What is its insertion and orgin?
3. What is its innervation?
4. What is its action?

Answer 16

1. Fibularis longus
2. head, superiorlateral fibula–> base of 1st meta carble; medial cuniform
3. suprfical fibular nerve (L5-S2)
4. everts foot

Question 17

1. What is this muscle?
2. What is its insertion and orgin?
3. What is its innervation?
4. What is its action?

Answer 17

1. fibularis brevis
2. lateral fiula–> 5th metatarsal
3. superfical fibular (L5-S2)
4. evert food

Question 18

What is drop foot?

Answer 18

injury to common fibular nerve

goes around fibular neck

vonurable with fibular neck fractures or direct trauma.

sits in plantar flexion and inverters

Question 19

1. What are the muscles of the posterior leg?
2. What are the actions?
3. Waht is the nerve?

Answer 19

1. Superior:
   
   • ​​gastrochnemius
   • solues
   • plantaris

• Deep:
  
  • Flexor digitourm longus
  • Flexor hallicus longus
  • popliteal
  • fibularis posterior

2. Plantar flexors and inverter of the foot
3. Tibial nerve (L4-S3)

Question 20

GAstrochnemius

1. What is its insertion and orgin
2. What is its innervation?
3. What is its action?

Answer 20

1. medail head (medial femoral condyle) lateral head (lateral femoral condyle)–> achilles tendon
2. tibial nerve (L4-S3)
3. flexes knee plantar flex-foot

superfical group triceps surae

Question 21

Plantaris

1. What is its insertion and orgin
2. What is its innervation?
3. What is its action?

Answer 21

1. lateral supracondylar line–> posterior calcaneous
2. tibular (L4-S3)
3. flex knee, plantar flex foot

Question 22

Soleus

1. What is its insertion and orgin?
2. What is its innervation?
3. What is its action?

Answer 22

1. fibula, soleal line of tibia–> posterior calcaneuos
2. tibial nerve (L4-S3)
3. plantarflexes foot,steadies leg on foot

Question 23

Why do ruptured calcaneal tendons happen?

Answer 23

forceful push-off (plantar felxion with knee extended knee)

Question 24

Calcaaneal bursa

Answer 24

• subcutaneous
• retrocalcalcaneal--> painful by

Question 25

What passes through the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 25

**Tom** tibial posterior m **Dick** flexor digitorum longus **Bloody **posterior tibial a **Nerves **tibial n **Harry** flexor hallicus longus m

Question 26

Tibalis posterior 1. What is its orgin and insertion? 2. What is the innervation? 3. What is the action?

Answer 26

1. fibula, tibula, im--\> medail mellasous, tarsal bones, bases of 2-4 mt 2. tibial nerve (L4-S3) 3. plantar flex, invert

Question 27

1. What is this muscle? (left) 2. What is its orgin and insertion? 3. What is the innervation? 4. What is the action?

Answer 27

1. flexor digitourm longus 2. tibia, fibula --\> distal phalex of digits 2-5 3. tibial n (L4-S3) 4. plantarflexes foot, flexes toes 2-5 5. supports archs

Question 28

1. What is this muscle? (left) 2. What is its orgin and insertion? 3. What is the innervation? 4. What is the action?

Answer 28

1. flexor hallucis longus 2. fibula--\> distal phalnaex of great toes, **plantar groove** 3. tibial nerve (L4-S3) 4. plantar flex big toe/push off muscle GROOVE IS GREAT TO TAG!!

Question 29

Popliteus 1. What is its orgin and insertion? 2. What is the innervation? 3. What is the action?

Answer 29

1. lateral femora condyle--\> tibia 2. Tibial n (L4-S3) 3. unlock knee, lateral rotate femus

Question 30

What is exertional compartment syndrome.

Answer 30

pressure build up in compartmetn becuase of fassa limitatations and overuse