Lecture 30 in class (17-7-14)

Question 1

What are the bones of the ankle and foot

Answer 1

• 14 phalanges
  
  • proximal phalanges
  • middle phalanged
  • distal phalanges
• 5 metatarsals
• 7 tarsals
• talus
• calcaneus
• cuboid
• navicular
• cuneiforms

Question 2

What is the fascica of the ankle?

Answer 2

• superior and inferir extensor retinacula- anterior leg tendons​
• **superior and inferoir fibular retinaculua- **lateral leg tendon (evertors)
• felxor retinaculum- deep postierior leg tendon (flexors)

Question 3

What is in the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 3

• Tom tibialis posterior m.
• Dick felxor digitorum longus
• Bloody tibialis posterior a.
• Nervous tibial n.
• Harry flexor hallicus longus
  *

Question 4

What is tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 4

when the tibial nerve gets entraped

Question 5

What is the cutaneous innervation of the dorsal foot?

Answer 5

1. saphenous
2. deep fibular
3. superfical fibular
4. sural n.

Question 6

What is the cutaneous innervation of the platar side of the foot?

Answer 6

1. saphenous
2. medial plantar
3. lateral plantar
4. tibial
5. .sural

Question 7

What is the innervation of hte foot?

Answer 7

Dorsal foot

1. superfical fibular
2. deep fibular - anterior leg of foot and all muscles of dorsum of foot

Medial Plantar (L.A.F.F)

1. 1st Lumbricle
2. Abductor halicus
3. flexor hallluics brevis
4. flexor digitorum brevis m.

Lateral plantar

all the rest of the muscles

Question 8

Babinski sign

Answer 8

deep tendon reflex

flexion of toes is normal response after 4 years old

abdnormal= spreading of toes (this is normal under the age of 4)

Question 9

What are the arteies of the foot?

Answer 9

from anterior al tibial

• dorsalis pedius a
  
  • sole of foot deep plantar
  • across metatarsals 2-5 arcuate a

sole of foot

from posterial tibial a

• medial plantar a
• deep plantar arch latearal plantar
  
  • joined by deep plantar a from dorsum of foot

Question 10

dorsum foot muscles

Answer 10

**extensor digigtorum brevis **calcaneous–> extensory expansion (2-4)

**extensor halicous brevis **calcanous–> proximal phalenex

extend toes/ big toe

deep fibular nerve

Question 11

plantar aponeourissi

Answer 11

• protects the sole of the foot
• supports longitudinal arches
• attaches proximal phalex–> calcaneous
• has 5 bands that attach to digits

Question 12

what is plantar fasciitis

Answer 12

• most common hindfoot problem in runners
• straning and inflammation of plantar aponeurosisi
• hurts to walk after sleeping all night
• can be acute or chronic
  *

Question 13

What are the muslces in the first layer of the foot?

Answer 13

• abuctor hallicus
• flexor digitorum brevis
• abductor digitiminimi

Question 14

1. What is the muscle on the far right?
2. What is its insertion/ orgin
3. What is ins innervation?
4. What is its action?

Answer 14

• abuctor hallicus
  
  • calcaneous–> prox phalanx
  • medial plantar n
  • abducts and flexes big toe at MP

1st layer

Question 15

1. What is the muscle in the middle?
2. What is its insertion/ orgin?
3. What is ins innervation?
4. What is its action?

Answer 15

1. flexor digitorum brevis
2. calcaneous–> either side middle phalenx 2-5
3. medial plantar
4. flex toes 2-5 at pip
5. 1st layer

Question 16

1. What is the muscle on the far left?
2. What is its insertion/ orgin?
3. What is ins innervation?
4. What is its action?

Answer 16

1. abductor digitiminimi
2. calcaneous–> proximal phalex
3. lateral plantar
4. abduct and flex 5th toe at MP

​1st layer

Question 17

What are the muscle in the second foot Layer?

Answer 17

• Quadrateus plantate
• lumbriclasl (4)
• tendon flex digitorum longus
• tendon of flexor hallicus longus

Question 18

1. What is the muscle at the bottom?
2. What is its orgin/ insertion?
3. What is its innervation?
4. What is its action?

Answer 18

1. Quadrateus plantate
2. calcaneous–> medial expansion
3. lateral plantar n
4. assist fdl in flexing toes 2-5 help curl toes

2nd layer

Question 19

1. What is the muscle towards the top??
2. What is its innervation?
3. What is its action?

Answer 19

1. lumbriclasl (4)
2. medical plantar n (1)/ lateral plantar 2-4
3. flex toes 2-5 at mp extend toes 2-5 at ip jts

2nd layer

Question 20

What are muscles in Layer 3?

Answer 20

• Flexor hallucis brevis
• Adductor hallucis (transverse and oblique head)
• flex digi mini

Question 21

Flexor hallucis brevis

1. Orgin/ insertion
2. innervation
3. action

Answer 21

1. cuboid and lat. cuneiform –> both sides of 1st prox phalanx
2. medial plantar n
3. flex big toe and mp joints

3rd layer

Question 22

Adductor hallicus

1. Orgin/ insertion
2. innervation
3. action

Answer 22

(transverse and oblique head)

1. base of metatarsals 2-4 and plantar ligaments –> lateral side of 1st prox phalanx
2. lateral plantar
3. adduct big toe

3rd layer

Question 23

Flexor digiti minimi

1. Orgin/ insertion
2. innervation
3. action

Answer 23

1. base 5th metatarsal–> base of 5th prox phalex
2. lateral plantar
3. flexes little toe at mp

3rd layer

Question 24

sesamoid bones in flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 24

can occur sometimes

Question 25

What is in the layer 4?

Answer 25

* 3 plantar interosssei * lateral plantar n * adduct digits 3-5 * 4 dorsal interossie * lateral plantar * abduction of toes 2-5 * tendon tiibialis posterior * tendon fibularis longus

Question 26

Dorsal interossei 1. How many? 2. What nerve? 3. What action?

Answer 26

1. 4 DABS 2. lateral plantar n 3. aBduct digits 3-5 4th layer

Question 27

Plantar interossei 1. How many? 2. What nerve? 3. What action?

Answer 27

1. 3 PADS 2. lateral plantar n 3. adduct digits 3-5 4th layer

Question 28

accessory navicular bone

Answer 28

embedded in tendont of tibalis anterior kinder procedure