Flashcards in Lecture 29 Deck (19):
1
How is the surface area of the small intestine amplified?
- Folds of Kerchring
- Villi and crypts of Lieberkuhn
- Microvilli
2
How is the surface area of the large intestine amplified?
- Semilunar folds
- Crypts, but no villi
- Microvilli
3
What can lead to diarrhoea?
Decreased reabsorption
Increased secretion
4
Where is active sodium reabsorption happening? What about active potassium secretion?
Sodium absorption: Small and large intestine
Potassium secretion: Large intestine
5
Compare the substances that are absorbed in the small and large intestine
Absorption of non-electrolyte nutrients occurs mainly in the small intestine, whereas both the small and large intestine absorb water and electrolytes (sodium and chloride)
6
Compare the net amounts absorbed in the small and large intestine
The small intestine absorbs net amounts of water, Na+, Cl- and K+ and secretes HCO3-
The large intestine absorbs net amounts of water, Na+, Cl-, and secretes both K+ and HCO3-
7
What drug blocks sodium potassium ATPases?
Digitalis
8
What is digitalis prescribed for? How does it affect the GI tract?
Heart conditions
Causes GI symptoms
9
What is required in transcellular movement of water and solutes?
Must move across 2 membranes in series
Solutes cross at least one active membrane
10
What is paracellular movement?
Passive movement via tight junctions
11
What is the mode of water movement?
Osmosis mainly paracellular
12
What is water movement coupled to?
Solute movement
13
Where does absorption of water occur primarily?
Jejunum
14
What is meant by solvent drag? What is solvent drag responsible for?
Solute dissolved in fluid and moves with it as fluid moves through paracellular pathway. Responsible for considerable Na+ and urea absorption in the jejunum
15
What controls absorption and secretion in the GI tract?
Enteric nervous system - release of ACh, VIP, other secretagogues
Endocrine system - aldosterone
Paracrine system - 5HT
16
Describe osmotic diarrhoea
Haven't absorbed nutrients so large osmotic load coming through, so drags fluid from GI tract
17
Describe secretory diarrhoea
Increased secretion due to activation of chloride or sodium channels.
18
What is osmotic diarrhoea caused by?
Macronutrient malabsorption
- Pancreatic disease
- Large intakes of sugar alcohols (sorbitol)
- Fructose intolerance
- Lactose intolerance
- Coeliac disease
19