lecture 2A: cervical spine anatomy and biomechanics review Flashcards by sophia carrasco

what is the purpose of cervical spine

stability allowing full mobility

protect spinal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is in the anterior column of the C spine

vertebral bodies
-IVD
hydraulic and WB portion providers shock absorption

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is in the posterior column of the C spine

Articular processes
Zygapophyseal (facet) joints
Provides gliding mechanism for movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

each spinal segment consists of ___ joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the anterior spinal segment have ___ vertebral bodies and IVD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the articulations of the posterior spinal segment in the c spine

superior articular processes of inferior vertebra and inferior articular processes of superior vertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in the c spine the _ articular surfaces favor _ rotation

horizontal
axial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in the C spine ___ articular surfaces ___ axial rotation

vertical
block

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the C spine starts mostly __ and moves toward ___ in lower segments

horizontal
45°

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

• Disc-vertebral height ratio
• Compliance of fibrocartilage
• Dimensions and shape of
adjacent vertebral end plates
• Age
• Disease
• Gender

these all effect what in the spine

the amount of available motion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

• Shape and orientation of
articulations
• Ligaments and muscles of
segment
• Size and location of segment’s
articulating processes

these affected what kind of motion in the c spine

the type of motion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the largest a vascular strucutre in the body

IVD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

each disc has 3 parts … what are they

• NP
• AF
• End plate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where are cervical and lumbar IVD thicker ? amd what does it create

thicker in the anterior portion and creates lordosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

does IVD move by itself

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the 5 major stresses that the IVD resist

Axial compression
Shearing
Bending
Twisting
Combined motion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is apart of the CV junction

atlas, axis and head

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is teh CT junction

where the mobile lower c spine meets much stiffer upper t spine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where is the thoracolumbar junction

located between T spine w large ability to rotate and L spine w limited rotation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where is the lumbosacral junction

mobile L spine meets relatively stiff SI joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the 2 types of stability of the spine

mechanical (static) stability
controlled (dynamic) stability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does the passive system under the controlled stability resist

ability to resist forces of translation , compression and torsion (especially at end range)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what dynamic stability controls the feed forward and feedback control

CNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what equals function in the spine

local mobility and global stability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does the **cranio vertebral** refer to

* Occiput (head … aka C0) * Atlas (C1) * Axis (C2)

injuries to the cranio vertebral region can involve what

- brain - BS - SC

injuries to the Cranio-vertebral can result in what

- death - HA - vertigo - cognitive and sympathetic system dysfunctions

what attaches to the **anterior** surface of the forman magnum (C0)

alar ligaments

what is housed **posteriorly** in the **forman magnum** (C0)

BS - SC junction SC comes out of this hole

what is a ring like strucutre where the **transverse ligament** attaches to the

atlas (C1)

what does C1 not have ??? and what motion is available more

does not have a SP CV extension is more bc no SP

what joint is th only vertebral level where convex condyle move on concave facet of atlas

occipito atlantal (OA) joint

what serves as transitional vertebra and links CV and c spine

axis (C2)

what is the first palpable midline strucutre after occiput

axis (C2)

what is a unique feature of the axis (C2)

odontoid process (dens)

what ligament passes along the **posterior** surface of the **dens** (axis C2)

transverse ligament

where does the dens extend

superiorly until above C1

t/f: the dens are susceptible to fx

TRUE

what is the **main function** of the atlanto-axial joint (AA) (C1-C2)

rotation

what 2 ligaments do we care about most in the cranio vertebral area

alar and transverse

if there is excessive translation of C1 on C2 then it would lead to what

dens compressing SC, epipharynx, vertebral artery and or superior cervical ganglion

insufficiency of the **alar ligaments** could lead to ___ potential for ____ instability which may present w clinical findings such as neuro or vascular compromise , pain and deformity

Increase OA

what ligament gives stability at C0-C1 (OA joint)

alar lig

what ligament gives stability at c1-c2 joint

transverse

what mm are included in the **anterior sub occipital mm**

* Rectus capitis anterior * Rectus capitis lateralis

what mm are included in the **posterior sub occipital mm**

* Rectus capitis posterior major * Rectus capitis posterior minor * Obliquus capitis inferior * Obliquus capitis superior

the posterior ramus of C2 is a large ___ ___ ___ that is easily compression between C1 and C2 during c spine ___

dorsal root ganglion extension

the **posterior** **ramus** of C1 follows what artery

vertebral

what spinal nerves is implacited as a primary cause of **cervicogenic HAs**

OA, AA and C 2

the c spine cord is supplied by whar 2 arterial systems

• Central • Peripheral

what artery suplies the central and parts of the peripheral systems

anterior spinal artery

Anterior spinal artery supplies central and parts of peripheral systems, which may what infarctions rare

unilateral SC

what is the SB and rotation relationship in the **cranio vertebral region** (c spine)

opposite so L SB with R rotation

is the upper or lower c spine responsible for 50% of ROM

upper

what 2 articulations permits **PURE AXIAL ROTATION**

* AA joint (C1-2) * T-L junction (T12-L1)

how does the OA (atlanto occipital) move

convex C0 moving on concave C1 facet (roll and slide in opposite direction)

Deep sockets on C1 + no IV disc = ___ bony congruency

increased

what motion does the **OA joint** encourage

flexion/extension

where does 60% of **total cervical rotation** occur

AA (atlanto axial) joint (C1-C2)

in the AA joint if there is a large arc of rotation what can it cause

compression of vertebral artery

the AA joint is big on ex in nature so what does that mean for the motions

opposite motions occur between lower c spine and atlas ex: lower c spine flexion w upper c spine extension on

the **upper c spine flexion** increases space between the atlas (c1) and dens (c2) which can lead to what

exce3ssive gapping can lead to spinal cord compression

what is part of the lower c spine region

C2- C7

the c spine consists of how many joints

37 joints

what spinal region permits the most motion

lower c spine

what is the 3 functions of the lower c spine

- complex, and quick movements for ADLs - positioning of eyes - protects vital structures

is there more mobility or stability in the lower c spine

mobility

how are the **vertebral bodies** in the **lower** c spine

smaller

in the lower c spine the bifid SPs is at the ___ level as the TPs

same

where is the uncinate processes on the VBs in the lower c spine

on supero lateral portion uncoverttebral joints limit SB and stabilize IVDs

how are the **facet joints** in the c spine

at 45° from frontal plane so rotation is aloud

how many IVD are there in the lower c spine and how are they names

6 and it is named for the vertebra above ex: C4 disc sits between c4 and c5

when does teh **NP** of the lower c spine **fibrose** by

3rd decade of life most 40 y/o have cervical disc degeneration

what is Degenerative disc disease (DDD)

↓’d disc height results in ↑’d load

how many spinal nerve root pairs does the cervical foramina house

8 large nerve roots nearly fill the diameter so if anything make the hole smaller then it will compress the n

what houses 8 spinal cord segments

vertebral canal

what is the vertebral canal and what is common here

narrow space between spinal cord and bony walls disc hernimation common

what are teh **deepest cervical flexors**

* Longus Capitis/Longus Colli * Rectus Capitis Anterior/Lateralis

what is the deeper mm of the c spine

• Splenius capitis/cervicis • semispinalis capitis/cervicis • Erector spinae

what is the superficial mm of the c spine

• Trapezius • SCM • Levator scapulae • Rhomboids • Scalenes

the C spine is the only region that has more __ roots then ____ levels of

nerve roots than vertebral levels C8 n root but no vertebrae

where does **C1-C3** refer pain patterns to

head and neck

where does **C4-C8** refer pain patterns to

shoulder anterior chest UE scap

Proprioception influences posture through ____, ____ movements and accommodation

reflexes and eye

what **CN** innervated **traps** and **SCM**

where is the **vertebral artery** most vulnerable to compression and stretching at

C1-C2

the **carotid artery** structures sense changes in what

* O2 and CO2 levels * Blood pressure

how was the facets move for flexion in the lower c spine (C2-C7)

facets move up and forward

how was the facets move for extension in the lower c spine (C2-C7)

facets move down and back

how was the facets move for R sidbending in the lower c spine (C2-C7)

R facet moves down and back, L facet moves up and forward

how was the facets move for R rotation in the lower c spine (C2-C7)

• R facet moves down and back, L facet moves up and forward

what is **rotation** coupled with in the **lower c spine** (C2-C7)

SB … occurs to same side as rotation

what is **restricted** with a **closing restrictions** in the C spine

Restriction of extension, R side bending, R rotation (same side of pain)

what is restricted with a opening restrictions in the C spine

Restriction of flexion, L side bending and L rotation (opposite side of pain) so R sided problem

what is restricted with a opening restrictions in the C spine

Restriction of flexion, L side bending and L rotation (opposite side of pain) so R sided problem

lecture 2A: cervical spine anatomy and biomechanics review Flashcards

(95 cards)