Lecture 3

Question 1

Ontology

Answer 1

Philosophy of being & the cateogrization of knowledge
is there a real world / what kinds of things exist
how do you perceive the real world / how do you know it?
does social reality exist or is it created by human interaction
is there one social reality or multiple context-specific realities
What we know / what we consider real

Question 2

Episemtology

Answer 2

theory of knowledge / knowledge obtained from how we categorize
how do you know what you know
how do you learn about social reality
How we know / ways of knowing reality

Question 3

Methodology

Answer 3

arises from one’s ontology and epistemology
the process through which you try to know (to find out) is methodology. It relies on your ontology and epistemology
research design
the steps involved in knowing

Question 4

What are Ethics

Answer 4

Branch of moral philosophy concerned with human conduct and moral decision making

Concerned with being a good person and doing the right thing.

Statement of the most fundamental principle of professional counselling conduct.

The study of ethics is a discipline examining our values, beliefs, morals, and the justification of these.

Question 5

Unethical Research Behaviour

Answer 5

DECEPTION
FALSE IDENTITY
LACK OF CONFIDENTIALITY / NOT PROTECTING ANONYMITY
NO INFORMED CONSENT
LACK OF BENEFICENCE: DO NO HARM (PROTECT ALL PARTICIPANTS)
INABILITY TO WITHDRAW AT ANY TIME
NOT PROTECTING VULNERABLE INDIVIDUALS
CONFLICT OF INTEREST WITH SPONSORS

Question 6

Types of Ethical Decision Making

Answer 6

• Teleogical
• Deontological
• Agapistic

Question 7

Teleogical means ____

Answer 7

Utilitarianism
–> actions are good by virtue of their consequences
–> do the right thing because it produces the most good
–> best interest of the group/society

Question 8

Deontological means ____

Answer 8

balancing of rights and duties
–> actions are inherently right (good) or wrong (bad)
–>we do the right thing because it is always the right thing to do
–> external authority oversees these actions

Question 9

Agapistic means _____

Answer 9

the ethics of brotherly love; do unto others as …

Question 10

Essentials: Letter of information consent forms

Answer 10

Brief clear statement of aims and procedures of the research project
Understandable language
How long the research will take (time commitment)
Clear description of any physical / psychological risks + resources as needed
Clear statement that participation is voluntary and the person can withdraw at any time
Clear statement regarding how confidentiality / anonymity will be protected
Who to contact should they have any questions
Researcher and supervisor contact information
Project Title
Project Sponsor / statement of potential conflict of interests
Place to sign and date for participant
Copy for participant
Witness Signature if vulnerable population / risk involved