Lecture 4 Flashcards
(49 cards)
Types of Research
Exploratory
Quantitative - descriptive specific variables
Experimental
What are the 2 types of data?
Quantitative and Qualitative
Quantitative Descriptive means ____
Surveys
Intervening Variables
Dependant variable comes second in a good research question
INDEPENDENT – you control
DEPENDENT – you observe
INTERVENING / EXTRANEOUS – you address
Independant Variable means ____
I control
Dependant Variable means ___
I cant control I observe
Intervening/extraneous variable means _____
I address
A Hypothesis is _____
a guess about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
In a hypothesis the dependant variable is always stated ____
first
Dependant variable comes second in a good research ____
Question
Inductive reasoning = ____
Deductive reasoning = _____
Inductive reasoning = social work
Deductive reasoning = a lot of what we do in social work
Nominal Scale means ____
no numerical relationship, i.g colour of eyes. Categories not one better than the other. Sex at birth. You cannot do a numerical relationship. Cases are sorted into categories which are as homogeneous as possible as compared with differences between categories.
Ordinal Scale means _____
there is a numerical relationship. I.g rating prof from 1-7 NO standirization it’s personal to each individual. The difficulty is even though there’s numerical data it’s not mathematically relevant because my 7 is tylures 2. Standards.
→ LIKERT SCALES - no mathematical significance
→ 3 markers to one book
Cases are rank-ordered on the attribute of interest. That is, we can say that the score of a given case is higher than the score of another case, but not how much higher. For example, we can classify child maltreatment cases as “hospitalization required”, “medical care required, but no hospitalization” or “no medical care required”.
Interval Scale means ____
0 point is arbitrary (temperature)
Number of budget dollars, may be considered interval -level measurement if you are asked to compare cost per service user of a program of psychoeducation for 20 youth versus intensive one-to-one counselling for individuals experiencing IPV.
Interval scales hold no true zero and can represent values below zero. For example, you can measure temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius, such as -10 degrees
Ratio scale means _____
It is mathematically relevant → it has a true 0
→ 0 matters
Miles per hour. Speed is an easy example of the ratio scale. …
Time. Time spent can be measured on a ratio scale, since “negative time” doesn’t exist. …
Weight. Weight also has a true zero, making it appropriate for ratio scales. …
Age.
Conceptualization is the _____
The refining & specifying of abstract concepts
Providing a definition that can then be measured
Providing a comparative definition
What does the term mean in your research study?
→ how do we make sense of an abstract thing take a complex idea and make it understandable
→ conceptualization applies to all forms of research
Operationalization applies only to _____
experimental and descriptive research; it DOES NOT apply to qualitative research.
Reliability: a property of ______
QUANTITATIVE INSTRUMENTS
-dependability, stability, consistency, predictability, accuracy
-the more error the greater the unreliability reliability is the proportion of the true variance of the total of the data yielded by the measurement instrument
3 distinct components to reliability are ____
- stability
- Equivalence
- Homogeneity
Stability is _____
consistency of measures on repeated applications - what is the score when the measure is reapplied?
comparing identical measurements by the same observer
test/ re-test measures stability repeat test is as similar a situation as possible
Equivalence is _____
relates to the appropriate comparisons between two investigators using the same measurement procedure at the same time independent of each other two different instruments being used at the same time
also known as interobserver reliability
Homogenity is ____
the internal consistency of inter-item reliability of the measurement instrument
all items measuring the same quality/attribute
odd/even first-half second-half score comparisons/split-half
only if measuring one quality if measuring several need to make corresponding adjustments
Validity is a property of ____
QUANTITATIVE INSTRUMENTS
( Is the measurement actually measuring what it is intended to measure? )
Three atributes of valdiity are ____
- content/face
-criterion
-construct
