lecture 3

Question 1

for most of history

Answer 1

people with mental disorders were treated as possessed - treated inhumanely

Question 2

pinel

Answer 2

pioneer in humane treatment of patients and classification disorders

Question 3

freud

Answer 3

major contributions- techniques and psychodynamic theories

Question 4

Breuer

Answer 4

talking cure

allows patients to express their feelings unlock certain psychological issues

Question 5

psychodynamic persepctive

Answer 5

psychology influences caused disorders

Question 6

unconscious mind

Answer 6

filled with unacceptable thoughts , wishes, feelings and memories

Question 7

free association

Answer 7

freuds technique to untapped the unconscious by having patients say whatever came to their mind

Question 8

what is the goal of psychoanalysis

Answer 8

whats happening in the unconscious mind

patients reveal painful, embarrassing thoughts in the unconscious through free association

Question 9

hynotherapy

Answer 9

mesmer

a way of accessing the unconscious

Question 10

Breuer

Answer 10

talking cure
first tested on patient Anna O
tased about disturbing memories from the past which alleviated the symptoms

Question 11

carl jung

Answer 11

free association

getting at unconscious thoughts

Question 12

frauds drives and instincts

Answer 12

eros ,libido and Thanatos

Question 13

eros

Answer 13

drive towards creation, life giving - life instinct

Question 14

libido

Answer 14

drive towards sex and leisure - energy

Question 15

thanatos

Answer 15

drive towards death - aggressive

something we don’t realise conscioust

Question 16

structure of personality

Answer 16

id , ego and superego

Question 17

id

Answer 17

operated at an unconscious level

on the pleasure principle

Question 18

superego

Answer 18

ensures moral standards - morality

motivates us to behave in a socially responsible manner

Question 19

ego

Answer 19

conscious mind/self

balances the id and superego

Question 20

to be mentally healthy

Answer 20

the ego has to be able to balance the demands o the id and superego

Question 21

if superego is dominant

Answer 21

individual might develop a neurosis - depression

Question 22

if id is dominant

Answer 22

psychosis - schizophrenia

Question 23

freud suggested that the mind is divided into three parts

Answer 23

conscious ,unconscious and preconsciouss

Question 24

conscious

Answer 24

what we are aware of

Question 25

preconscious

Answer 25

memories/ info we are not currently aware of but can be retrieved when needed

Question 26

unconscious

Answer 26

unaware of the contents - biological drives and instincts that causes us extreme anxiety - so they are repressed

Question 27

unconscious influences

Answer 27

latent content of dreams - symbolic meaning | Freudian slip - slip of the tongue

Question 28

how does the ego negotiate between the id and superego

Answer 28

``` defence mechanisms repression denial displacement projection ```

Question 29

repression

Answer 29

forcing a distressing memory out of the unconscious mind

Question 30

denial

Answer 30

refusing to acknowledge reality

Question 31

displacement

Answer 31

transferring feelings from their true source onto a substitute target

Question 32

projection

Answer 32

involves individuals attributing your own unacceptable thoughts , feelings and motives to another person

Question 33

psychosexual development

Answer 33

personality is shaped throughout childhood - takes place in a series of fixed psychosexual stages

Question 34

pleasure principle

Answer 34

the ids pleasure seeking energies focus on pleasure sensitive body areas - erogenous zones

Question 35

stages of psychosexual development

Answer 35

``` oral anal phallic latency genital ```

Question 36

oral

Answer 36

pleasure focus - anus infant achieves gratification though oral activities if forceful feeding occurs fixation on oral activities scubas smoking

Question 37

anal

Answer 37

withhold and controlling faeces | if toilet training is too harsh or relaxed - obsessiveness , tidiness , disorgamsied

Question 38

phallic

Answer 38

child earns to realise the differences between males and females - becomes aware of sexualityy aims to identify with the same sex parent

Question 39

latency

Answer 39

sexual drives are repressed | child energy is channeled into developing new skills , making friends and dealing with other urges

Question 40

genital

Answer 40

sexual desires become conscious | develop healthy sexual relationships

Question 41

oedipus complex

Answer 41

boys begin to desire his mother boy sees father as a rival for his mothers attention boy fears the father so boys identify with his father

Question 42

Electra complex

Answer 42

girls sexually desire their fathers girls blame mothers and sees her as a rival the girl repress her feelings and identifies with her mother superego develops - replaces penis envy with desire for a baby

Question 43

neo freudian-alfred adler

Answer 43

Alfred adler believed in childhood tensions like freud but they were social not sexual he works with people with physical difficulties

Question 44

Alfred adler was interested in the different ways people overcame problems

Answer 44

the different ways people overcame problems

Question 45

inferiority complex

Answer 45

we gain confidence when e realise we are able to meet external goals - those who do not learn this therefore develop inferiority

Question 46

karen Horney

Answer 46

believed that sex and aggression were not the primary constitutes for determining personality electra complex do not relate to women

Question 47

tyranny of shoulds

Answer 47

we have external morals that we then internalise | toxic social environments create unhealthy beliefs in people called shoulds- internalised belief from toxic environment

Question 48

bargain with fate

Answer 48

we think we can control environments if we follow shoulds- to make us happy

Question 49

instead of listening to our shoulds

Answer 49

we should listen to our authentic desires- real self

Question 50

Anna frued

Answer 50

superego becomes clear only when it confronts the ego with hostility superego speaks with language of guilt and shame

Question 51

superego creates

Answer 51

anxiety - that we deal with through defence mechanise

Question 52

sublimation

Answer 52

expand energy o prosocial activities in order t avoid undesired activities

Question 53

reaction formulation

Answer 53

make unacceptable impulses into their opposite acceptable form

Question 54

rationalism

Answer 54

try to create logical explanations of our behaviour in order to justify it

Question 55

denial

Answer 55

refuse to acknowledge info

Question 56

carl jung

Answer 56

interested in spiritual aspects of the unconscious and conscious

Question 57

archetypes

Answer 57

universal symbolic images that appear across cultures

Question 58

humanism

Answer 58

Maslow and carl rogers

Question 59

Maslow

Answer 59

believes in free will hierarchy of needs- basic needs, safety, belongingness, esteem needs and self actualisation

Question 60

self actualisation

Answer 60

ultimate goal - self fulfilment

Question 61

carl rogers

Answer 61

personal growth requires an individuals concept of self to be congruent with their ideal self , so people only self actualise if they had a positive view of their self (positive self regard). this can only happen if thy have unconditional positive regard from others

Question 62

self worth

Answer 62

confidence and positive feelings about him/ herself , face challenges in life , accept and failure

Question 63

beck c

Answer 63

cognitive therapy - emphasis on perceptions of experience | focus on errors in thinking

Question 64

existentialists vs humanists similarities and differences

Answer 64

both believe in free will emphasises uniqueness driven to be creative existentialists- neutral humanists - optimist