Lecture 3 - CHN Process

Question 1

What factors make community health more complex?

Answer 1

Increasing acuity, aging population, diverse populations, lack of comprehensive OHIP coverage, difficulty locating clients and absence of one size fits all framework

Question 2

What is meant by community as client?

Answer 2

Providing nursing services to communities with interventions acting on specific health indicators

Question 3

What is meant by community as partner?

Answer 3

Collaboration with stakeholders, involves multidisciplinary teams.

Question 4

What are the functions of community?

Answer 4

To contribute to improving the livelihood of residents
–> Infrastructure, jobs, education, security, participation, networks, opportunities for growth & connections.

Question 5

What is the overall goal of community health nursing?

Answer 5

To build healthy communities based on principles of health and health promotion
–> equity, SJ, necessity of collaboration and community involvement

Question 6

What five areas do most healthy community processes involve?

Answer 6

1. Equitable community engagement
2. Intersectoral partnerships
3. Political commitment
4. Healthy public policy
5. Asset-based community development

Question 7

What is the difference between collaboration and partnership?

Answer 7

Collaboration - a recognized relationship between groups

Partnership - understanding of goals, roles, responsibilities during collaboration. More formal.

Question 8

What is the purpose of the healthy cities, healthy communities model?

Answer 8

To guide CHNs to build trust and relationships when partnering with the community.

Cyclical model, image seen on lecture 3, slide 11.

Question 9

What are some benefits to collaboration and partnerships?

Answer 9

–> Positive health outcomes
–> Synergy & relationships
–> Strengthened problem solving
–> Continuity of care
–> Improves programs and services

Question 10

What is the main idea of Nothing About Us Without Us?

Answer 10

Advocacy for equitable access to participation - spearheaded by disability rights advocates.

Question 11

What is the community health promotion model?

Answer 11

Assessment, analysis (including diagnosis), planning, implementation, evaluation (Cyclical)

See slide 18.

Note that this is different than the population health promotion model that targets overarching DoH across multiple population levels.

Question 12

what are the four types of community assessments?

Answer 12

1. Environmental scan
2. Needs assessment
3. Problem/challenge investigation
4. Resource evaluation

Question 13

What is an environmental scan?

Answer 13

Observational (windshield study) + background data (statistics)

–> Quick, broad overview of the community’s conditions

Question 14

What is the best way to do an environmental scan?

Answer 14

Multiples times - different times of day and week

Question 15

How can a needs assessment be done?

Answer 15

Identify health concerns (data review) + community opinion (focus groups)
–> Identify the gaps and capacity of the community to bridge them
–> Identify cost-effective, appropriate way

Question 16

What is a problem/challenge investigation?

Answer 16

Investigation of specific health issue to understand its root causes and social impact.
–> How can we engage to community to respond to these challenges (i.e., capacity building)

Question 17

What is resource evaluation?

Answer 17

Evaluate existing resources and ability to allocate some of these resources
–> Can be financial, human resources, physical, partnerships, accessibility

Ensure that planning builds on strengths and avoids duplicating services

Question 18

What is the purpose of resource evaluation during community assessment?

Answer 18

Ensures that planning builds on strengths and avoids duplicating services

Question 19

What is the purpose of a risk assessment?

Answer 19

To identify & target clients who are most at risk and assess the attributes that affect their health (equity)

Question 20

What is the formula for developing a purpose statement in community nursing?

Answer 20

P - population
I - intervention
S - setting
O - outcome

Question 21

What is the precede-proceed planning model?

Answer 21

Involves thinking about the desired end point and working backwards to achieve it

Question 22

What is a SWOT analysis?

Answer 22

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats

Question 23

What is a community needs matrix tool?

Answer 23

A framework that allows participants/community members to identify, rate, and discuss which health problems are most important to them.

See slide 35

Question 24

What are some examples of participatory tools?

Answer 24

Community Needs Matrix Tool

Community Mapping

Present-Future Drawing

Question 25

What is community mapping?

Answer 25

A schematic map of the distribution of illness, disease, health, or environmental conditions and resources.

Question 26

What are present-future drawings?

Answer 26

Guess Helps to formulate mutual intervention goals. --> Helpful with language barriers and other communication difficulties

Question 27

What are the four steps of data analysis?

Answer 27

1. Classification 2. Summarization 3. Interpretation 4. Validation

Question 28

What is research vs assessment?

Answer 28

Research - primary data collection Assessment - secondary data collection and making judgements/identifying patterns

Question 29

What are the guiding principles for priority setting in CHN?

Answer 29

Buy-in --> building relationships and get people involved Transparency --> open and truthful Communication

Question 30

What is the main goal of CHN interventions?

Answer 30

Health for all --> Reducing inequities, increasing prevention, enhancing community coping, and 5 principles of PHC Most effective when multiple interventions are used are multiple levels

Question 31

What is the MIP framework?

Answer 31

Multiple-Intervention-Program Framework --> Identify community health issue and describe gaps. Examine socio-structural gaps. Consider intervention options. Maximizes impact. Assess implementation, impact, consequences. Cycle back to identifying and describing.

Question 32

When should evaluation of an intervention begin?

Answer 32

Possible evaluation techniques should be considered during the planning stage to establish tangible goals. --> Sustainability is key