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210 - kcep > lecture 3: introduction to wheelchair ambulation > Flashcards

lecture 3: introduction to wheelchair ambulation Flashcards

1
Q

where do chariots with spoked wheels date back to

A

1300 BC CHINA

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2
Q

in 1595 what was develipped

A

the first dedicated wheelchair was devlipped

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3
Q

what was the first dedicated wheelchair called

A

invalids chair

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4
Q

who was the invalids chair originalyl designed for

A

king phillip II of spain

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5
Q

what did the first dedicated wheelchair feature

A

reclining back and moveable armrests and footrests. It had four small wheels, one on each corner leg.

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6
Q

what was th e problem with the first wheelchair models

A

they were dependatn on others for ambulation

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7
Q

when ws steven farflerr and why is he imporant

A

German watchmaker with a disability that limited his mobility. He is the first known person to invent and use a wheelchair that could be independently propelled.

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8
Q

who invented the first arm cranked wheelchari

A

steven farflerr

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9
Q

explain the firsrt arm cranked wheelchair

A

It was a stable chair mounted on a 3-wheeled chassis with attached handles on both sides of the front wheel used to propel the chair forward.

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10
Q

what age did setven farflerr createt the wheelchair and why

A

22 because believed to be paraplegia

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11
Q

in the first wheelchair models, where were the big wheels

A

in the front

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12
Q

when was the invention of the frist folding chair

A

1932

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13
Q

who invented the first folding wheelchais

A

everest and jennings

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14
Q

why was the first folding chair imporatnt

A

became possible to easily transport tones wheelchair to differentt locations

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15
Q

why was there the development of the folding chair?

A

desire of Everest, who had broken his back in a mining accident and became confined to a chair, to have a unit that was collapsible and could easily be transported in an automobile.

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16
Q

true or false: todays wheelchairs have the same models of the first wheelchair models

A

false, no , as the folding chair model

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17
Q

explain the type of wheelchair user that is an loss of limb

A

someone who has absense of loss of lower extremtity (due to a truama or surgery)

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18
Q

true or false: all of those who have a loss of lower extremeity go in wheelchairs

A

false, depending on the portion/injury they may not need a wheelchair

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19
Q

explain how arthritus can make someone a wheelchair suer

A

they have pain in joints which reduced the range of motion and can cause weakness

in severe cases

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20
Q

explain multiple sclerosis and how they are wheelchair users

A

MS is a disease causing progressive msucular weakness, loss of msuuclar contol and diffulty in walking

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21
Q

explain para[legia as a wheelchair user

A

they have impairement in motor and senspry function of the lower limbs

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22
Q

what determines if someone will need a wheelchair

A

it always depends on the severety of the condition

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23
Q

explain how those with stroke can be wheelchair users

A

stoke (from a cerebral vascular accident) causes lision to brain causing paralyssi one one side of the body

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24
Q

what is another name for stroke

A

cerebral vascular accident

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25
Q

does stroke always lead to wheelchair use

A

no

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26
Q

what is quadriplegia (tetrapelfgia)

A

impairment in motor and sensory function of the upper and lower limbs

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27
Q

explain how diabetes can make someone a wheelchair user

A

diabtes is a metabolic disease in which a person who has high blood gluocse

often results in neropathy and limb loss

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28
Q

cerebral palsy causes damage to what area od the brain and when

A

damage to the motor area of the brain prior to brain injury

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29
Q

true or false: to be considered cerebral palsy the motor area of the brain HAS to be damaged t

A

true

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30
Q

which wheelchair requries fitting

A

marys wheelchair

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31
Q

why is having a properly fitted wheelchair imporatnt

A

because it allows you to be seated proreply

cant be too tight so that it causes blisters

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32
Q

which chair tapers (medical or custom)

A

custom

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33
Q

why is a taper important in a wheelchair

A

maintains postiion of the legs and draws eye to the body and not the chair

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34
Q

can you adjust center of gravity in medical wheelchait

A

no

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35
Q

why is it important to be able move the center of gravity

A

to find perfect balance between support and function (being able to go over surfaces)

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36
Q

what is the difference is wheel type b/w medical and custom

A

custom is usually air filled while medical is plastic

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37
Q

the seat back for a medical chaor is high or low

A

high

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38
Q

the backseat for custom is low or high

A

low

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39
Q

do the coustum wheelchairs have arm rests? medical>

A

custum no medical yes

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40
Q

what types of breaks are there usually on custom wheelchairs

A

scisosors (mounted underneath)

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41
Q

what types of breaks are most common for medical wheelchairs

A

mounted in the front of the chair but causes more injury

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42
Q

does the medical wheelchair have psuh handles

A

yes

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43
Q

true or false: both medical and custom have rigid sidegaurds and why

A

yes because they can sue it as a lift up

44
Q

how do you know a tire is at a good height for u

A

arm/fingers reached the center of the axle

45
Q

what is the price range for a manual wheelchair

A

2000-8000

46
Q

what is the price range for a motorixed wheelchair

A

10k - 15k

47
Q

what type of wheelchair is good for tetrapleigcs

A

motorixed

48
Q

explain the foortests on a manual wheelchair

A

support feet and lower legs (can be fixed/folding)

49
Q

true or false: the footrests on a manual wheenchair can be fixed or folding

A

true

50
Q

what do the arm rests in a manual wheelchair do

A

support arms when the person is not moving

51
Q

why is fit important for armrests

A

because armrst position can alter the way the wheelchair is propellyed

52
Q

what is the wight of a manual wheelchair

A

15-60 lbs

53
Q

what is the weight of a motorized wheelchair

A

50-250 lbs

54
Q

tires of a manual tires are commonly what

A

air filled (pneumatic)

55
Q

what is a pro about air filled tires in manual wheelchairs

A

lighttweight

56
Q

what is a con about air filled manual wheelchair tires

A

they require maintenance and can puncture

57
Q

what do the wheelocks act as in manual wheelchairs

A

parking brakes

58
Q

why are wheel locks imporant for transfers q

A

they are used for ambulation/descend etc to not allow the chair to move during the transfer

59
Q

what is the problem with wheel locks in manual wheelchairs

A

they can get i nthe way during propulsion (most indivaiduals choose to remove them)

60
Q

why are gloves popular for wheelchair users

A

to propel the push rims and prevent bruns

61
Q

tur oe false: there is only 1 standard of push rims

A

false, theere are a variety of push rims with different friction coatings and shapes

62
Q

when you are desceing a ramp, you should put the wheellocks

A

no you will fall forward

63
Q

how can wheelchair users slow down when descening a ramp

A

they use their hands to apply pressure on the whell which is why they wear gloves

64
Q

what does the height of the backrest in a manual wheelchair depend on

A

the strngth of the trunk msucels

lower=more stronger

65
Q

what is the balacne to considering when it comes to the back rest height

A

support vs freedom of movement

66
Q

when would someone need a back rest at shoulder height

A

if they need a harness/have poor trunk control

67
Q

when would someone need a back heigh within 2 inches of lower scaptie

A

someone who needs only moderate support

68
Q

a lower back rest is okay for who

A

active users with good trunk control

69
Q

what are the most common backrests but what is their con

A

sling backrests are the most common but provide little postural support

70
Q

what are 3 additional features on manual wheelchairs

A

anti tippers
grade aids
caster wheels

71
Q

caster wheels are the front or back wheels

A

front

72
Q

where are anti tippers located

A

at the back of the chair that helps from going backwards

73
Q

what is the function of grade aids and where are they locaed

A

located on wheels

keep chair from rolling backwards

74
Q

true or false: the caster wheels can rotate

A

true

75
Q

what is the problem if tthe sight is too tight

A

can cause pressure sores

76
Q

what is the problem if the sat is too wide

A

can be diffucult to reach hand rims and propel wheelchair

prvent the wheel chair from manouvering tthrough the small smpaces

77
Q

how to afjust the seat heigt

A

Let your hands dangle at your side when sitting in the chair: your fingertips should reach the chair’s axle

78
Q

which is more stable, axle is rear or forward

A

read

79
Q

what does the rear aexle postion allow

A

Allows the center of gravity to be adjusted appropriately for each individual and reduces the effort required to propel the wheelchair

80
Q

the rear axle postion can have an affect on what

A

Rear axle position can have an effect on shoulder joint forces and push frequency

81
Q

troe or false: wheels forward is a bad postiion

A

false although it is less stable it makes it easier to avoid obstacles

82
Q

wht does camber mean

A

degree of inclination

angle of the wheel with respect to their chair

83
Q

if you increase the base of support, there is more of less support

A

high degree of camebr= mrore stable

84
Q

what does the camber of the wheels protect

A

helps to protect hands (since your hands are not the most exterior part)

85
Q

what is the problem with too mcuh camber

A

makes it hard to fit through doorwars

86
Q

What is the best method to propel a wheelchair in a safe and efficient manner?

A

longer contact angle

87
Q

true or false: short contact angles are bad

A

true

88
Q

why is chair transfer one of the most important components for independent living in paraplegics?

A

it allows good independance so they do not need to rely on others to get out of the chair

89
Q

explain wheel chair transfer from the chair to the floor

A

shoes and brakes on

Sit on the edge of the seat with feet on the floor

Lean your trunk forward

Place your non dominant fist on the floor and your dominant hand on the front frame of the chair

Slowly ease yourself to the floor and swing your rear away from the chair (most advanced users will push the wheelchair back while sitting on the floor)

90
Q

what fist should be on the floor when going from chair to flood

A

non dom on the floor

91
Q

why do we make a fist instead of a hand during wheelchair transger

A

to protect wrist and finers

92
Q

explain wheel cahir tranfer from the floor to the chair through the forward facing method

A

In kneeling position facing your chair (1), use your arms (non dominant fist on the floor and dominant hand on the seat back) to bring your knees up to the foot plate (2) (same as footrest)
Then bring your dominant hand to the front of the chair frame and use both arms to push your body up while rotating your trunk and pelvis (3) until your rear is in your chair (4)

93
Q

qhich method is more difficult and less practice (forward facing or rear facing)

A

forward facing method because they chair tends to top forward (need to support body weight)

94
Q

what is step 1 of the forward facing method

A

In kneeling position facing your chair (1)

95
Q

what is step 2 of the forward facing method

A

use your arms (non dominant fist on the floor and dominant hand on the seat back) to bring your knees up to the foot plate (2) (same as footrest

96
Q

what is step 3 of the forward facing method

A

Then bring your dominant hand to the front of the chair frame and use both arms to push your body up while rotating your trunk and pelvis

97
Q

what is step 4 of the forwarf facing method

A

until your rear is in your chair (4)

98
Q

what are the steps for the rear facing methods

A

Feet positioned at 45⁰ from the chair (1)

Feet placed as close to your bottom as possible, use your chin (or a strap) to hold knees in place. Place non dominant fist on the floor and dominant hand on the front of the chair frame (2)

Use both arms to push your legs and body up while rotating your trunk and pelvis to be aligned with the chair (3 and 4)

For weak trunk muscles, use your hand and arm muscles to extend your trunk and reach a vertical position (5 and 6)

99
Q

explain step 1 of the rear facing method

A

Feet positioned at 45⁰ from the chair (1)

100
Q

explain step 2 for rear facing method

A

Feet placed as close to your bottom as possible, use your chin (or a strap) to hold knees in place. Place non dominant fist on the floor and dominant hand on the front of the chair frame (2)

101
Q

explain steps 3 and 4 of the rear facing method

A

Use both arms to push your legs and body up while rotating your trunk and pelvis to be aligned with the chair (3 and 4)

102
Q

explain steps 5 and 6 of rear facing method

A

For weak trunk muscles, use your hand and arm muscles to extend your trunk and reach a vertical position (5 and 6)

103
Q

if someone is hemiparetic (right side is weak) what are some things to consider when transfering her out of the chair (4)

A

support weaker side
transfer towards stronger side
communicate with person (explain)
be attentive to your back

104
Q

what are the 6 steps of wheelchair transfer to a regualr chair

A

1) explain the procedure
2) lock chair wheels
3) stand as close to the person as you can (to protect back)
4) grip persons belt
5) lift as person pushes up
6) pivot person around

105
Q

tru or false: use your legs to move isntead of back

A

true

106
Q

should you tranfer to the strong or weak side

A

strong

107
Q

what are the 8 wheelchair users

A
  • loss of lower extremity
  • arthritis
  • MS
  • paraplegia
  • stroke
  • tretraplegia
  • diabetes
  • CP

210 - kcep (14 decks)

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