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210 - kcep > lecture 4: blindness > Flashcards

lecture 4: blindness Flashcards

1
Q

do you have to be totally blind to be considered as visually impaired

A

no

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2
Q

acuity means what (1 word)

A

sharpness

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3
Q

visual field is what

A

peripheral

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4
Q

what is a normal visual field

A

180

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5
Q

to be considered legally blind you need to have both bad acuity and low visual field

A

false, you need only 1

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6
Q

what are the conditions to be considered legally blind

A

20/200 or less with best correction (10% acuity)

OR

visual field less than 10% (tunnel vision)

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7
Q

what is the definition of total blindness

A

inability to recognize a strong light shown directly into the eye

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8
Q

what are the percentages of those who have residuals vs totally blind?

A

80% residual (20% totally blind)

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9
Q

what are the 3 sport classifications according to the international blind sports federation

A

b1. b2. b3

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10
Q

what is the general definition of B1

A

from total blindness to very low residual vision

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11
Q

what is the general definition of b2

A

low residual vision

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12
Q

what is the general definition of b3

A

better residual vision

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13
Q

explain b1

A

No light perception in either eye up to light perception and inability to recognize the shape of a hand in any direction and at any distance
-Do sports like swimming, judo and wrestling independently. Track event with a guide

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14
Q

which classification has no light perception to light perception in either eye

A

b1

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15
Q

inability to recognize the shape pf the hand in any direction at any distance is associated to what classification

A

b1

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16
Q

what type of sports to b1 classification do independently

A

swimming, judo and wrestling independently

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17
Q

can b1 athletes do track events?

A

yes with a guide

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18
Q

explain b2 classification

A

Ability to recognize the shape of a hand up to a visual acuity of 2/60 and a limitation of the field of vision of 5◦

-Can do many activities independently with the sunlight / bright indoor light

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19
Q

which classification has the ability to recognize the shape of hand up to a visual acuity of 2/60 and or limitation of field of vision 5 degrees

A

b2

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20
Q

what type of sports activities can b2 do

A

-Can do many activities independently with the sunlight / bright indoor light

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21
Q

b3 has what vision

A

2/60 To 6/60 (20/200) vision and/or field of vision between 5 and 20◦

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22
Q

what sports do b3 do

A

Do not use guides for most activities (except high-risk activities; ex: rock climbing, downhill skiing etc.)

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23
Q

true or false: b3 need guides for most activities

A

false (except for high risk)

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24
Q

at the Paralympics where does the guide go

A

at the back

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25
Q

in recreational skiing, 99% of blind people are guided from the

A

back

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26
Q

in ski racing, where is the guide

A

in the front

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27
Q

how many people in Quebec are legally blind

A

8000 (and going up since age is going up)

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28
Q

50% of those who are legally blind are over what age

A

65

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29
Q

10% of those in Quebec who are legally blind are under what age

A

20 years

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30
Q

what are the realities of vision loss

A

Only 1/3 of adults with vision loss are employed
3 X more likely to experience depression
Greater risk of social isolation

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31
Q

what percentage of adults with visual lost are employed

A

1/3

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32
Q

true or false: those who are vision loss are 3x more likely to experience depression

A

true

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33
Q

those with vision loss are more at risk of what

A

social isolation

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34
Q

what are the 5 causes of blindness

A 
Diabetic retinopathy
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Macular degeneration
Retinal detachment
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35
Q

what do retina cells do

A

convert light into neural impulses

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36
Q

what is the macula responsible for and give example

A

central vision

ex: reading

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37
Q

explain the blood vessels in the eye

A

blood vessels supply nutrients to eye structures (including retina cells)

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38
Q

what is the leading cause of blindness between ages of 20-65

A

diabetic retinopathy

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39
Q

what is Complication of diabetes and leading cause of blindness.

A

diabetes retinopathy

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40
Q

how does diabetic retinopathy occur

A

It occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels inside the retina. (damages = not reversible)

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41
Q

true or false: diabetic retinopathy is reversible

A

FALSE, the damages are permanent

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42
Q

cataracts is the most common in

A

senior citizens

43
Q

what is a cataract

A

a clouding of the natural lens, the part of the eye responsible for focusing light and producing clear, sharp images

44
Q

what is the lens and what is it responsible for

A

the part of the eye responsible for focusing light and producing clear, sharp images

45
Q

explain glaucoma

A

This disease increases the fluid pressure inside the eye, leading to loss of side vision and eventually total blindness.
The increased pressure destroys the optic nerve.

46
Q

which condition increases pressure in the eye

A

glaucoma

47
Q

what disease is a clouding of the lens

A

cataracts

48
Q

what disease is associated with damaging the tiny blood vessels in the retina

A

diabetic retinopathy

49
Q

what type of exercises should you avoid with glaucoma and why

A

isometric exercises

contacting msucles nbut no movement with means a lot of pressure gets built up

50
Q

what is the first thing you lose for glaucoma?

A

lose peripheral first then total blindness

51
Q

what is macular degeneration

A

is the gradual loss of vision caused by the degeneration of the macula, which is a small, circular membrane at the center of the retina (role = detailed central vision)

52
Q

what is the macula

A

which is a small, circular membrane at the center of the retina (role = detailed central vision)

53
Q

which condition is associated with is the gradual loss of vision caused by the degeneration of the macula,

A

macular degeneration

54
Q

what is the percentage of macular degeneration in individuals?

A

occurs in 10% of individuals aged 66-74

55
Q

true or false: in macular degeneration only the peripheral is affected

A

false, central is only affected

56
Q

what is retinal detachment associated within(caused by)

A

is associated with a tear or a hole in the retina of the eye.

57
Q

what is retinal detachment caused by

A

injuries or diabetic retinopathy

58
Q

can you fix retinal detachment from an injury?

A

yes

59
Q

can you fix retinal detachment from diabetic retinopathy

A

no because cells are dead

60
Q

true or false: when talking to a blind person you should talk louder

A

false, they are not deaf

61
Q

true or false: never grab a blind persons arm

A

true, but permit them to take your arm

62
Q

what pace do you walk at when guiding (slow, same, or faster)

A

normal pace

63
Q

when giving directions to a blind what should you remember

A

don’t point or say over there

64
Q

true or false: describe the surroundings

A

true

65
Q

is it okay to pet a guide dog without permission

A

no, never distract or feed a dog guiding a blind or visually impaired person

66
Q

According to the guidelines seen in the document ‘A Way with Words and Images’, in walking and talking, you should:

A

follow their pace (let the person set the pace)

67
Q

what is important in terms of light for exercise

A

need good lighting for b2 and b3

68
Q

what is important in terms of colours in sports

A

colour contrast and bright colours (especially in team sports) for easier recognition

69
Q

true or false; you should eliminate noise in exercise for blind

A

yes (ex: goal ball, beep baseball

70
Q

what are some recommended activities for exercise for blind?

A

Wrestling, tumbling, gymnastics, bowling, swimming, weight training, judo, dart throwing, dance, roller skating, ice skating, shuffleboard, horseback riding, tandem cycling, hiking, camping, fishing, rowing, water-skiing, surfing

71
Q

how can a non-sighted person play bowling or dart through wing, which sense would they rely on

A

proprioception

72
Q

what does lack of regular vig activity cause

A

predisposes VI children and adolescents to future hypokinetic diseases (hypertension, CAD, etc.)

73
Q

blind kids met normal standards

A

false, many were below stNDARDS

74
Q

what are the effects of exercise training on blind

A

↑ cardiovascular fitness + ↓ obesity
↑ balance skills + ↑ spatial orientation
↑ self-image + ↑ confidence

75
Q

how can you increase spacial orientation

A

Practice walking a straight line
Practice walking different floor patterns
Take a short walk and find the way back
Following instructions, try to make ¼, ½, ¾, and full turns

76
Q

what is the required equipment for goal ball

A

bell ball

77
Q

how many players per team in goal ball

A

3 players per team

78
Q

what is the personal equipment of goal ball

A

helmets, knee , elbow pads and blindfolds

79
Q

why do they need to wear blindfold in goal ball

A

to eliminate residual vision

80
Q

is the ball allowed to bounce in goal ball

A

Ball may bounce, but must be rolling before it reaches the opponents throwing area or it becomes an infraction

81
Q

what body positions can you stop the ball with in goal ball

A

standing, kneeling, lying position to stop the ball

82
Q

what type of ball do they use in beep baseball

A

regulation softball with battery sound device

83
Q

what are the bases in beep baseball

A

48 inches tall with electronic buzzer in each

84
Q

true or false: the bases in beep baseball dont have a sound

A

false

85
Q

what are the members of the team in beep baseball

A

A team has 6 blindfolded players and 2 sighted players who act as pitcher and catcher and as spotter

86
Q

what is fair ball in beep baseball

A

Fair ball – umpire designates which one of the two buzzing bases shall be activated

87
Q

how do the umpires decide which base to go to

A

the base with less people (prevent collisions)

88
Q

how do you get a point in beep baseball

A

get to base before the ball is catched

89
Q

true or false: in beep baseball you need to through the ball to the base

A

no , just need to catch it

90
Q

how is a run scored in beep baseball

A

Run is scored if the batter gets to the designated base before the ball is fielded

91
Q

the spotters in beep baseball are blind or sighted

A

sighted

92
Q

true or false: the spotters are allowed to catch

A

false they can only guide

93
Q

what are the two types of retina cells

A

cones and rods

94
Q

what does the increase in fluid pressure inside the eye destroys

A

optic nerve

95
Q

during exercise, what type of verbal instruction is needed

A

precise verbal instruction (state your name)

96
Q

true or false: sight is not required for many sports

A

true

97
Q

in the study for VI vs fitness level, who were the participants

A

results from 20 children with VI aged from 4-18

98
Q

what was the location of the VI vs fitness level study

A

Montreal association for the blind

99
Q

for the VI vs fitness level study, what was the baseline PA for the participants

A

subjects were attending 2 30 minute periods of PA per week (ie: yoga, callisthenics, locomotor activities)

100
Q

what was the results for body fat in the VI vs fitness level study

A

most kids who were blind has an excess amount of body fat in comparison to normal values

101
Q

what was the results for grip strength in the VI vs fitness level study

A

those with VI were not able to have a lot of grip strength

=most fell below the normal grip strength values

102
Q

what was the results for max o2 consumption in the VI vs fitness level study

A

none of the participants were able to reach the average value of 45ml;kg for oxygen consumption
=lower max oxygen consumption

103
Q

what was the results for heart rate in the VI vs fitness level study

A

Subjects were consistently unable to attain the age-predicted maximal heart rate (220-age)

210 - kcep (14 decks)

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