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210 - kcep > lecture 5: Intellectual disability > Flashcards

lecture 5: Intellectual disability Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of intellectual disability

A

Refers to the substantial limitation in certain personal capabilities (slower)

but dont loose connection with reality

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2
Q

true or false: those with ID lose concept of reality

A

false

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3
Q

how is ID manifested (iq)

A

manifested in significantly subaverage intellect (tests) IQ approx 70

IQ is on avg 100 or above

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4
Q

what is normal IQ

A

100

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5
Q

true or false: ID exists concurrently with related disability in 1 or more of the adaptive skill areas

A

false, 2 or more

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6
Q

what are the 10 of the adaptive skill areas

A
  1. communications
  2. self-care
  3. home living (independently)
  4. social skills (interactions)
  5. community use (services)
  6. self-direction
  7. health and safety
  8. functional academics
  9. work
  10. leisure
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7
Q

what is an example of self care in the adaptive skills area

A

keeping their hygiene

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8
Q

explain work as an adaptive skill aera

A

need to find a job and keep it

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9
Q

for those with ID, they have an easy time doing leisure?

A

false, it usually needs to be organized for them

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10
Q

explain self direction as a adaptive skill area

A

getting from the bus the the metro without being lost

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11
Q

what is adaptive functioning

A

Adaptive functioning means how well a person handles common demands in life and how independent they are compared to others of a similar age and background.

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12
Q

to have an ID it needs to begin before what age

A

before 18 (dev period)

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13
Q

what IQ is mild ID

A

50/55 to 70

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14
Q

explain mild ID

A

Can generally learn reading, writing + math skills between 3rd and 6th grade levels
May have jobs and live independently

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15
Q

true or false:those with mild ID can have jobs and live indepenedly

A

true

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16
Q

what is the level of learning someone with mild ID can usually do

A

betwteen 3rd and 6 th grade

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17
Q

what IQ is moderate ID

A

35/40 to 50/55

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18
Q

explain moderate ID

A

May be able to learn some basic reading + writing

Able to learn functional skills such as safety and self-help. Require some type of supervision

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19
Q

true or false: some people with moderate ID require supervision

A

true

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20
Q

what is the IQ for someone with severe ID

A

20/25 to 35/40

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21
Q

explain severe ID

A

Probably not able to read + write, although they may learn self-help skills and routines
Require supervision in their ADLs

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22
Q

true or false< someone with severe ID is proabblty not able to read write or learn any routines

A

false, they cant read or write but then can learn self help and routines

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23
Q

true or fals: severe ID require supervision in their ADL

A

true

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24
Q

which type of ID requires intesnive support

A

profound

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25
Q

waht is the iq for profound ID

A

below 20/25

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26
Q

explain profound ID

A

Require intensive support. May be able to communicate by verbal or other means
May have medical conditions requiring ongoing tx

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27
Q

which ID can usually learn up to 6 grade level

A

mild

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28
Q

which ID can learn some basic lreading and writing

A

moderate

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29
Q

which ID proabbly cannot read of write

A

severe

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30
Q

which ID can only communicate by verbal or other means but cannot read or wrie

A

profound

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31
Q

what is the inceidence for mild ID

A

90

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32
Q

what is the incidence for moderate ID

A

5

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33
Q

what is the indiceidece for severe ID

A

3.5

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34
Q

what is the inceidence for profound ID

A

1.5

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35
Q

Id acounts for what percentage of the popluation of canadaiants

A

0.5-1 %

190 000-380000

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36
Q

is the wordwide incidence of ID lower or higher than canada

A

higher

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37
Q

why is the incidede of ID wordwide higher than in canada

A

because of malnutrion

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38
Q

true or false: IQ is a good predictor of intelligence

A

false, good prodecutior of academic performance

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39
Q

Were you born with this IQ potential or did you acquire it through stimulation during your childhood + teenage years?

A

both

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40
Q

individuals with ID lie below or above the bell curve

A

bellow

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41
Q

what is the IQ for university students

A

114

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42
Q

true or false, the higher IQ the better

A

false, 130 and above have a hard time fitting in with society

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43
Q

true or false: there is a clear etilogy for all thsoe with ID

A

No clear etiology can be determined for approximately 30-40 of individuals with ID despite extensive lab testing…
false

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44
Q

what are the 3 plaves with ID causes can occur

A

prenatal
post natal
perinatal

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45
Q

what is prenatal period

A

from the conception to the end of the 27th week of pregnancy

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46
Q

what is the perinatal period

A

from 28th week of pregnancy through 28 days following birth

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47
Q

what is the post ntal period

A

anytime before age 18 (i.e. from 29

days postnatal to age 18)

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48
Q

what does perinatal mean

A

near birth

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49
Q

what is the main causes of ID during the prenatal phase

A

chromosmal/ genetic disorders

environmental influecnes

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50
Q

true or false; we have no control of the geneic disorders that cause ID inth prenatal ohase

A

true

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51
Q

what is fragile X syndrome

A

gap or break in the long arm of the X chromosome)

defective gene cannot produce enough protein

52
Q

what is the mental function in someone with gragile X syndrome

A

varies from severe to normal

behaviors are often autistic, hyperactive and impulse

53
Q

true or false: ID can occur when genes are combining

A

yes can occur from errors in gene combos (ex downsyndrome)

54
Q

what is an example of ID resulting from combination gene erros

A

downsyndromr

55
Q

explain downsyndrom

A

failure of chromsone pairs to serate properly during fertilization (at the 21st chromo)

56
Q

what is the ID level for someone with downs

A

mild

57
Q

how can the genes be messed up during preganct (other than simple error)

A

expose to x rays

58
Q

what is the difference between genetic disorders that cause ID and envornmental factors that cause ID

A

environment can be modieif

59
Q

what are some examples of environtmental influecences that cause ID in tvhe prenatal phase

A

Alcohol or drugs (
Smoking
Malnutrition
Illness of the mother during pregnancy

60
Q

10-20 % of mild ID in dev continnues acn be traced diecrtly to what

A

mothers dirnking

61
Q

explain how illness of the mother can cause ID

A

rubella (major factor before immunization)

STD (HIV aids, sihpylis

62
Q

what is the main materal infections

A

hiv aids/syphillis

63
Q

what are some causes of ID during perinator

A

Abnormal labor or delivery (wrapped umbilical)

Prematurity and low birth weight babies

64
Q

what are some causes of ID during the post natal phase

A 
childhood diseases (meningitis, ecephalitis)
accidents
exposure to lead, mercury etc
environmental deprivation
malnutirion
disadvantafed areas (under stim)
child neglec and abuse
65
Q

give an example of accidents that can occur to cause ID

A

TBI

66
Q

expposure to what can lead to post natal ID

A

expossire to lead, mercruy , envinronmetal toxins

67
Q

explan how child neglect and absuese can cause ID

A

without stim/interaction, it affects dev of brain and neural connection

68
Q

can child neglect lead to changes in neruon formation

A

yes

69
Q

child negelct affects what part of the neruon

A

dendrite formation and distrubition

70
Q

what will someone with ID from child negliect dendites look like

A

few dendritic spines

spines are long and thin

71
Q

what does normal synaptic dev (including mateuration of the spine ) depends on what according to the paper on dendrite formation

A

on the environment duirng infance and early childhood

72
Q

true or false: many deprivation induced changes in the brain can be reveresed

A

yes, only if the intervention occurs early enough

73
Q

true or false: the dendrites are not correlated with the level of ID

A

false
the more abnormal dendires
the more ID

74
Q

where are dendrite located and what do they do

A

in the presynatic terminal

capture signal

75
Q

what re the most limited capanilities of those with ID

A

: abstract thinking, concept formation, generalization and problem solving

76
Q

what are the learning characterists for ID (implications of exercies)

A

Learn at a slower rate (easy rules)
Memory and retention: ↑ repetitions
Difficulty generalizing (treadmill, stat. bike)
Instructions must be concrete (not just verbal communication)

77
Q

those with ID are able to live indepnedlely (under supervision) if their iq is what

A

above 50

78
Q

explai nthe dev motor delays in those with ID

A

more severe mental impairment = more lag and increase diffuculty with ADL and self care

79
Q

what si the relationsjip between IQ and motor delat

A

lower IQ=more motor delay

80
Q

how much more behind are those with ID to talk and walk

A

walk (can be up to 3.2 years behind and talk later)

81
Q

whata re the physical constraints of someone iwth ID

A

shorter, fatty, wider hips

82
Q

true or false; Fitness is not a problem area with those with ID

A

false it is

83
Q

true or false, those with ID have decrased,strength, endurance, agility, balance, running speed, flexibility and reaction time (vs. non ID individuals)

A

true

84
Q

what is the body comp of those with ID

A

overweight (male=28%, female=50%)

85
Q

do those with ID have a lower cardiovascular vitness

A

true

86
Q

are physical cosntrinta the only cause of fitness probelms in those with ID

A

no motor delyays (connection is not as good with the brain) also contrinute

87
Q

what is the rational/ready for the study on effects of resisnace training on those with mental retardation

A

there have been many studeies on how exercise can impove health of normal people but none have been done for adults with mental retardation

88
Q

what is the purpose of the study for effects of RT on ID (2 fold)

A

1) to determine if a 9 week progressive resistance training program could improve the muscular strength and endurance in a group of adults with mental retadation
2) to determine wheteher adults with mental retardation could adhere to a resistance training program for 9 weeks and could learn to use the nautilus weight training system with minimal assistnae

89
Q

hpw many particantps and what age in the study

A

24 adults (13 owmen, 11 men) age 23-49 werre recuited from illinois

90
Q

what were the iq for the study and how were they divied

A

mental retardation (40-70) were selected on a volunteer basis

the subjects were randonly assighned to control and experiemental. The experiemntal group received progressive resistance trainig program at a local university on thurday evenings and saturdation monrning

while the conrtol group was on saturday mornung foing dance, aquators and lifettime sports (35 min)

91
Q

all the subjects of the study particpated in what before the baseline was taken and why

A

all did 2 sessions in the weight training program before any baseline was taking

to reduce tthe learnign effect assocaited with weight training

92
Q

what was recorded as the baseline

A

musucalr strength and endurance

93
Q

how long what the weight trianing program of the study

A

9 weeks

94
Q

explai nthe execrise program of the test

A

each subject completed 15-18 1 hour trainign sessions

supervision by the graduate student and assited by an acitvity specialist

95
Q

true or false: the particiaptns of the study eorked in pairs?

A

true

96
Q

explain how they worked in pairs for the study

A

4 of the higher functioning clients were each paried with a lower functioning person who could not record their own scores

97
Q

true or false: all of the particaptns were able to reocrd their own scored on the paper

A

false, only the higher fucntioning people

98
Q

explai nthe paper used for the training program

A

a form that contained a picture of each of the machines and large boxes to write the number of sets and reps

99
Q

what was the grad student responisble for writing on the form

A

the data and plate number (one sheet for machine)

100
Q

how were the names of the wrgiht training machines label

A

by their movement so that the subjects would have an easier time understaning what was accepted

101
Q

give some examples of the labels used for the ecercise machine

A

bend legs machine (leg curl)
straight legs machine (leg extension)
raise arms up machine (shoulder abduction), pull arms down machine 9pull over)

bring arms together machine (pec dec)
bein arms machine (biceps curl)
striaghtern arms machine (tricep extension)
and scooter pull with arms machine (pull up)

102
Q

for how many training sessions did the graduate studyent show to use the equipment correctly

A

6 first training sessions

103
Q

what did the grad student do on the rfirst 6 training sessions

A

showed how to use the equipment
made sure that each one was perfomring the spcified number of sets and reps
helped subjects record the scores

104
Q

true or false: after the 6th session the instructuon was limited to bried treminders

A

true

105
Q

what was the major finding of the study

A

high intensity reisttance training programs is capable of inducing dramatic increases in muscular strength and endurance in adults with mental retardation in as little as 9 weeks.

106
Q

what wre the results of the study

A

experimental group = significant impovement over the control group in all strength measures except the leg extension

107
Q

what was the increase in upper body strength

A

42-121%

108
Q

what was th eincrease in lower body strength

A

42-52%

109
Q

BECAUSE muscle strength decraes by 30-40% it is liekly that at the end of the training session the subjects were weaker or stronger than they had been at any time i ntheir lives

A

stronger

110
Q

vocational habilitation for adults with mental retardation is related to what

A

physical fitness

111
Q

why is physical fitness important in those with ID for jobs

A

because the employement opportunities for those demand an adequate legel of muscualr strength and endurance (ie> washing floods, cleaning, lifting and packing)

112
Q

a person with a low level of functional strength and endurance would have diffuculting doing what

A

performing many manual type jobs

113
Q

the study showed that exercise has a decrase or increae employement ptoentional

A

increase

114
Q

the perfect attendacne (10/12) and no one dropping out indicates that physical activtiy

A

is an enjoyable activtiy for those with mental retardation

115
Q

true or false: the particapnts complained about coming and were happy when it ended

A

false

116
Q

enrolling adults with mental retardation into community based weight training programs may be a good or bad recreional acttivtiy for this po;ualion

A

good

117
Q

the stuy demonstated that after a bried trianing period (6 hours) adults with mental reatdation are capaible of what

A

participating in a weight training program with minimal amount of assisantce

118
Q

the study showeed an icnrease in what

A

employment potential
life satisfiaction
independance

119
Q

how can wer integrate these results into tthe world

A

since YMCA have a weight training facility with nautilis, the progressive ressitance pogram can be implemented by other service providers such as adapted phsycia leducatiors, recreaional therapists, actity therapists etc

120
Q

whatt is the center percetage of tge bell curve

A
121
Q

what percentage of people are in the normal theretical distribution for IQ scores

A

95.44

122
Q

what percentage of people are in the retarded theretical distribution for IQ scores

A

3

123
Q

what percentage of people are in the gifted theretical distribution for IQ scores

A

3

124
Q

what are three causes of chromosonal/genetic disroders

A

abrnoallity of genes inherited
combination eorrors
gene diorder during preg

125
Q

theextent of spine changes correleated with what

A

he degree of mental retardation

126
Q

what can an impovrished environdment during an early “critcal period: of dev lead to ?

A

profound changes in the circutis of the brain

210 - kcep (14 decks)

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