Lecture 3 -> States Flashcards
(31 cards)
define state
Weber => “human community that successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory”
Nation or territory considered an organised political community under one government
Define Sovereignty
- Ability to carry out actions and policies within a territory independently of external actors and internal rivals
- Characterised by such institutions as an army, a police force, taxation, a judiciary, and a social welfare system
Machine analogy of the function of a State
Analogy
- State → machinery of politics
- Regime → programming
- Government → the people operating the machinery
define country
State, government, regime, and the people who live within the political system
difference between state and nation
nation - a group of people bound together by a common set of political aspirations, cultural emphasis
states - political community defined by institutions such as the police and law and permanent territorial boundaries.
can exist without nations, and nations can exist without state s
How does political organisation come form consensus
leadership chosen from among the people, democratic
How does political organisation come form coercion
Individuals are brought together by a ruler who imposes authority and monopolises power
what is A reason why people form political organisations
States emerge in areas where conflict between peoples intersected with agricultural technology, population density, and urbanisation
What is the significance of the Peace of Westphalia
defined and agreed upon territories and agreed to respect countries sovereignty. - begins to consolidate major European powers
Modern state sovereignty is often dated from the Treaty of Westphalia
what is the concept of the social contract
the relation between the sovereign power and the people - determining rights and duties of each
How do governments stay in power?
- Fear: punishment dissent
- Rewards: bribe supporters
- Legitimacy: the public accepts the idea that institutions have the right to exist
What is traditional Legitimacy
heavily institutionalised and seen as part of a states historic identity -> Royal Family
What is Charismatic Legitimacy?
The nature of the leader, weak institutional level -> Putin, Kim Dynasty
Rational-Legal Legitimacy
Built by rules and procedures; the offices creating and enforcing the rules
Look at section of Centralisation and Decentralisation
Explain the difference between strong and weak states:
- Strong states: states that are able to fullfill basic tasks
- Weak states: states unable to execute basic tasks
- Failed states: states so weak that their very basic state structure break down
What is state autonomy
The ability of the state to wield its power independently of the public or international actors. Informal, practical ability to actors on sovereignty/ independence
What is state Capacity
The ability of the state to wield power to carry out basic tasks, such as defending territory, making and enforcing rules, collecting taxes and managing the economy
explain what a state with High capacity, High Autonomy would be like
Able to fulfil basic tasks, minimum public intervention, danger of undermining democracy -> China
explain what a state with Hight Capacity, Low Autonomy
Able to fulfil basic tasks, public directly determines policies, may have difficulty in responding to new challenges -> USA
explain what a state with Low Capacity, High Autonomy
Lacks skills to fulfil tasks, minimum public interference, slow development -> Russia
explain what a state with Low Capacity, Low Autonomy
lack ability to fulfil basic tasks, Highly decentralised among state and non state actors, risk of internal state failure
Define regime
a regime embodies long-term goals that guide the state regarding individual freedom and collective equality, where power should reside, and how power should be used
What led to the rise of European state power over somewhere like china
- states encouraged economic development
- states encouraged technological innovation.
- third advantage was domestic stability, which increased trade and commerce and permitted the development of infrastructure
