Lecture 9 - Global South

Question 1

Define Middle income countries

Answer 1

historically less-developed countries that have experiences significant economic growth and democratisation

Question 2

Define Lower income countries

Answer 2

countries that lack significant economic development, political institutionalisation, or both

Question 3

define imperialism

Answer 3

a system in which a state extends its power to directly control territory, resources, and people beyond its borders

Question 4

define colonialism

Answer 4

an imperialist system of physically occupying a foreign territory using military force, businesses, or settlers
often a result of imperialism

Question 5

What are the political and social institutions of imperialism

Answer 5

• the state as a form of political organisation was imposed on much of the world outside of Eu
• Ethnic and national identities were created where none has existed before colonisation
• Gender roles from the imperial country were often imposed on colonies

Question 6

changes to economic institutions due to Imperialism

Answer 6

• traditional agriculture economies were transformed to suit the needs of the imperialist power
• Economic organisation under imperialism impeded domestic development in the colonies
• Free trade was often supressed as colonies were forced to supply goods only to the imperial country, creating executive economies in the colonies

Question 7

what are challenges to building state autonomy and capacity in developing countries?

Answer 7

• Absence of professional bureaucracy (following departure of foreign imperial bureaucrats)
• Clientelism, rent seeking, and corruption in the handling of state jobs and revenue
• Sovereignty often compromised by external actors

Question 8

what are the causes of ethnic/ religious divide

Answer 8

• group-based wealth inequality
• political dominance of one group over others
• clientelism and patrimonialism -> increases ethnic disparities

Question 9

what are the challenges of building a unified Nation-State

Answer 9

• Ethnic and religious divisions among different groups in heterogeneous societies
• Arbitrary political boundaries imposed by imperial powers

Question 10

what are the three paths to growth

Answer 10

GO TO LECTURE NOTES

Question 11

can fair trade help producers in developing Countries

Answer 11

• more hired labor, including child labor
• workers are paid less.
• large farms benefit most.
• workers are denied cooperative benefits (like schools or clinics).

Question 12

Why Did Asia Industrialize Faster Than Latin America?

Answer 12

• Geostrategic calculations (the United States)
• Land ownership and reform Both arguments have flaws, so the answer may be more complicated

Question 13

what is the effect of informal economies?

Answer 13

Informal economy: a segment of the economy that is not regulated or taxed by the state.
- hard to regulate, corruption, weakens state capacity, hard for businesses to scale up into larger firms