Lecture 4 - Nations and Security

Question 1

define Society

Answer 1

a collection of people bound by shared institutions that define how human relations should be conducted

Question 2

Social Identity

Answer 2

a sense of who a person is based on membership in social groups

Question 3

Define Ethnic Identity

Answer 3

built on social attributes, such as language and culture, unique to a group of people

Question 4

Define National Identity

Answer 4

implies political aspirations, especially sovereignty

Question 5

Define National Identity

Answer 5

an institution that binds people together through common political aspirations (=inherently political, basis for nationalism)

Question 6

Nationalism

Answer 6

pride in ones people and the belief that they have a unique, sovereign political identity

Question 7

what are two state-based identities?

Answer 7

Citizenship and Patriotism

Question 8

define Citizenship

Answer 8

an individuals or groups relation to the state; citizens swear allegiance to that state, and the state in return is obligated to provide to those citizens

Question 9

Define Patriotism

Answer 9

Pride in one’s state

Question 10

What are the differences between nationalism and Patriotism?

Answer 10

1. N = pride in your people, P= pride in your state
2. N = might not have state P = has a state
3. N = may not like current state P = may have weak national identity

Question 11

What is a Nation State

Answer 11

A sovereign state encompassing one dominant nation that it claims to embody and represent. OG = France

Question 12

define ethnic conflict

Answer 12

conflict between ethnic groups that struggle to achieve certain political or economic goals at each other’s expense

Question 13

National Conflict

Answer 13

seeking to gain (or prevent the other from gaining) sovreign, cashing with one another over issues of autonomy (violence is a common tool)

Question 14

what are some causes for ethnic and national conflict

Answer 14

1. degrees of integration v. polarisation
2. the struggle for resources and economic inequalities
3. type of state and regime and state capacity or autonomy

Question 15

define Political attitudes

Answer 15

A political attitude refers to an individual’s consistent beliefs, values, and feelings about political issues, policies, and institutions.

Question 16

define political ideology

Answer 16

basic values an individual holds about the fundamental goals of politics with respect to freedom/ equality.

Question 17

what is a radical political attitude?

Answer 17

• dramatic, revolutionary change to the existing political, social, or economic order
• Believe old institutions are broken and must be replaced
• examples Arab Spring

Question 18

what are Liberals as a political attitude

Answer 18

• Favour gradual, evolutionary change
• Believe that existing institutions can create positive change
• example: US Democrats

Question 19

what are conservatives as a political attitude

Answer 19

• Sceptical of change; value continuity of institutions
  
  • Traditions that work should be respected
• Fear change will have unlimited effects
• Germany’s Christina Democrats

Question 20

what are reactionaries as political attitiudes

Answer 20

• View current order as fundementally unacceptable
• Seek to return to ‘order’ system
  
  • somtimes a fictional past
• Example: MAGA

Question 21

Explain what political Ideologies are

Answer 21

sets of political values regarding the fundemental goals of politics

Question 22

what are the 5 dominant political ideologies

Answer 22

liberlaism, communism, social dmeocracy, fascism and anarchism

Question 23

Explain Liberalism

Answer 23

favours slow evolutionary change, free markets and individualism, limiting inequality, limited state role in the economy
- Conservative

Question 24

explain Communism

Answer 24

• state control over all resources to produce true economic equality at the expense of individual freedom
• Rejects the idea that personal freedom will ensure prosperity for the majority
• Radical

Question 25

explain social democracy

Answer 25

balance freedom and equality, - strong markers and role for private ownership - Strong state to regulate industry and enagge in social spending Accepts that equality sometimes requires limitations on freedom: such as regulation, taxation - LIberal

Question 26

explain Fascism

Answer 26

- Rejects idea of freedom and equality - Believes in strict social hierarchies and inherent inequalities High degrees of state autonomy and capacity: absolute control over society and economy - reactionary

Question 27

explain anarchism

Answer 27

- Views state as a threat to freedom and equality - believes eliminating the state and private property would achieve both freedom and equality radical

Question 28

what is fundamentalism

Answer 28

An ideology that seeks to make faith the sovereign authority - A belief that seeks to unite religion and the state - create a theocracy