Lecture 36 Flashcards
(13 cards)
Chylomicrons contain apo____ and are assembled in the _____.
apoB48
INTESTINES.
Chylomicrons acquire ____ and ____ from HDL in the plasma.
ApoC-II
apoE
apo C-II binds to _____ lipase on the surface of non-hepatic tissues, and activates it to hydrolyze triglycerides.
LIPOPROTEIN lipase
Chylomicron remnants, depleted of FFA and Glycerol, return apo ____ to HDL.
apoC-II
Chylomicron remnants with apo____ and apo____ bind apo____ receptors on hepatocytes, resulting in the uptake of Chylomicron remnants.
apoE
apoB48
apoE
HDL and VLDL are both assembled in the ____, though HDL can be assembled in the intestine as well. VLDL contains characteristic surface protein apo____
LIVER
apoB100
VLDL acquires ____ and ____ from HDL, but then returns both, at which point it becomes ____, which can be taken up by cells, increasing intracellular levels of _____.
apoC-II
apoE
LDL.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein (CEPT) deficient individuals have increased _____, putting them at lower risk for heart disease.
they have increased HDL
Familial Hypercholesterolemia is autosomal _____, and arises from a defect in the LDL receptor. What are the 4 classes of mutations that can cause this disease?
autosomal DOMINANT
Class 1 –> promoter, framshift, or splicing mutations that cause no receptor to be synthesized.
Cass 2 –> receptor synthesized but misfolded and retaining in the ER or Golgi.
Class 3 –> receptors reach cell surface but lack normal LDL binding
Class 4 –> receptors reach the cell surface and bind LDL but are not clustered in coated pits and thus not endocytosed.
Chylomicron remnants bind to the liver and are take up via the LDL recptor that binds _____. LDL binds and is taken into hepatocytes via the LDL receptor that binds ______. HDL binds the SR-B1 receptor.
apoE
apoB100
HDL has characteristic proteins apo-___ and apo-___.
apo-A I
apo-A II
New immunotherapy for lowering LDL serum levels target ____9, which normally binds LDL receptors and cause them to be endocytosed, preventing them from binding and endocytosing LDL. An Ab binds ____9 and prevents it from binding the LDL receptor.
PCSK9
PCSK9
Cholesterol accumulates in the _____ layer of blood vessels when LDLs move through the vessel walls. Monocytes travel to and consume the cholesterol, die, and leave behind a lipid core that beings the process of ________.
Intima
Atherosclerosis
